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Manuale per l’uso Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG

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  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 1

    User’ s Guide Agilent T echnologies PSG Signal Generators This gu ide applie s to the follow ing signal g enerato r models: E8267C PS G V e ctor Signa l Generat or E8257C PSG Analog Sign al Generator E8247C PSG CW Signal Generator Due to o ur co ntin uing effor ts t o im prove ou r pro duc ts through firmware and hard ware r evision s, sig nal ge ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 2

    ii Notice The material contained in this document is provided “as is”, and is subject to bein g changed, wi thout no tice, in future editions. Further , to the ma ximum extent pe rmitted by ap plicable law , Agilent disclaims all warranties, either express or implied with regard to this manu a l and to any of the Agilen t p rod ucts to which it ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 3

    Contents iii 1. Signal Generator Overv ie w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Signal Generator Models an d Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 E8247C PSG CW Signal Gene rator Features . . . . . . . . ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 4

    Contents iv 30. Display Con trast Incre ase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 31. Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 32. Preset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 5

    Contents v 22. Q OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 23. Q-bar OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 24. BASEBAND GEN REF IN. . . . . . . . . . . ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 6

    Contents vi 4. Analog Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Analog Modulation W aveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Configuring AM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 7

    Contents vii Editing a W aveform Sequ ence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 0 2 Storing and Loading W aveform Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Renaming a W aveform Segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 8

    Contents viii T o Set the ARB Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 7. Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 45 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 9

    Contents ix T o V iew a T w o-T one W aveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 82 T o Minimize Carrier Feedthrough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 8 4 T o Change the Alignment of a T wo-T one W avefor m . . . . . . ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 10

    Contents x ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 11

    1 1 Signal Generator Overview In the following sections, this ch apt e r descr ib es the models, o ptions, and features available f or Agilent PSG signal gener ators. The mod es of operation, fr ont panel user interface, a s well as front and rear panel connectors are als o described. • “Signal Generator Mod els and Features” on page 2 • ? ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 12

    2 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Signal Gen erator Mode ls and Feat ures Signal Generator Models and Feature s Ta b l e 1 - 1 lists th e avail abl e P SG sig nal generat or m odel s alon g w it h thei r o utpu t si gn al t ypes and fre quency range. E8247C PSG CW S ignal Generator Features An E8247C PSG CW s ignal generat or includ es the fo l ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 13

    Chapter 1 3 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Signal Generator Mode ls and Featur es E8257C PSG Analog Signal Generator Features An E8257C PSG analog signal generat or provi des all the functionality of an E8247C PSG CW sig nal generator and adds the following featur es: • open-lo op or clo sed-loop AM • dc-synthes ized FM to 10 MHz rate s; maximum d ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 14

    4 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Options E8267C PSG V ector Signal Generator Features An E8267C PSG vector signal generator p rov ides all the fu ncti onality of an E8257C PSG analog signal generator , and adds the fol lowing features : • internal I/Q modulat or • external analog I/Q inputs • single- ended and di fferen tial analog I /Q ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 15

    Chapter 1 5 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Modes of O pera tion Modes of Oper ation All PSG si gnal gener ator models can be used i n CW mod e: • CW mode produces a single carrier si gnal. — If yo u have an E824 7C PSG CW signal ge nerator , you can p roduce a CW s ingle carri er sign al without modulatio n . — If yo u have an E825 7C PSG analog ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 16

    6 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Fron t Pan el Front Panel Figure 1- 1 shows the E8267C PSG vector signal genera tor f ron t pane l with a list of items called out that enable yo u to define, monitor , and manage inpu t and out put character istics. The description of each item also applies to bo th the E825 7C PSG analog signal g enerator and ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 17

    Chapter 1 7 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Front P anel 1. Display The LCD screen pr ovides inform ation on the curren t fu nction. Information can in clude status indicators, frequency an d amplitude settings, an d error messages . So ftkeys labels are located on the right-hand si de of the display . For more detail on the front panel dis play , see ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 18

    8 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Fron t Pan el 8. T rig ger Initiates an immediate trigg er event for a function such as a list, step, or ramp sweep (Option 007 only). Before this hardkey can be used to init iate a trigger event, the trigger mode must be set to Tr i g g e r K e y . F or example: press the Sweep/Lis t hardkey , then one of the ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 19

    Chapter 1 9 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Front P anel 12. EXT 2 INPUT This female BNC input connector (E8257C and E8267 C only) accepts a ± 1V p signal for AM, FM, and Φ M. W ith AM, FM, or Φ M, ± 1V p produces the in dicated deviation o r depth. When ac-coupled inputs are selected for AM, FM, or Φ M and the peak inp ut voltage dif fers from 1 ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 20

    10 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Fron t Pan el 18. RF OUTP UT This connect or is t he output f or RF and microwave sig nals. The n ominal out put imped ance is 50 Ω. The reverse-po wer damage l evels are 0 V dc, 0.5 watts nominal. On signal gen erators wi th Option 1 EM, this output is relocated to a rear panel fem ale BNC connector . 19. S ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 21

    Chapter 1 11 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Front P anel 10V p . The nominal input impedan ce is 50 Ω . O n signal generators with Option 1EM, this input is r elocated to the rear panel. 26. Arro ws These up and down arro w hardkeys are used to increas e or decrease a numeric value, step through displayed lists, o r to select i tems in a r ow of a d ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 22

    12 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Fron t Pan el 33. I/Q INPUTS These female BNC inp ut connectors (E826 7C only) accept a n externally supplied, analog, I/Q modulation; the in-ph ase comp onent is sup plied thr ough the I INPUT ; the quadratur e-phase component is suppl ied through the Q INPUT . The signal level is = 0.5 V rms for a calibrated ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 23

    Chapter 1 13 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Fro nt Pane l Dis play Front Panel Display Figure 1- 2 shows t he front pan el display . The LCD screen dis plays data f ields, ann otations, ke y press resul ts, softkey labels, er ror messages, an d annunciators that represent var ious active s ignal generato r functions . Figure 1-2 Front Panel Disp lay D ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 24

    14 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Di splay 3. Annunciators The displ ay annunci ators show t he status of some of t he sign al generator f unctions and indicat e any error conditions. An annunciator position may be used by more than one function. This does not create a problem, because only one function that shares an annunciator p ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 25

    Chapter 1 15 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Fro nt Pane l Dis play MOD ON/OFF This annun ciator (E825 7C and E8267C onl y) which is always p resent on the display , indicates whethe r active modulation fo rmats have been enabled or disabl ed with the Mod On /Off hardkey . Pressin g the Mod On/ Off hardkey enab les or disables all active modulati on fo ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 26

    16 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Di splay UNLOCK This annunciator ap pears when any of th e phase locked loops are unab le to maintain phase lock. Y ou can determine which lo op i s unlocked by examini ng the error messag es. 4. Digital Modulat ion Annunciators All digital modulatio n annunciators (E8267C PSG with Option 002/602 o ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 27

    Chapter 1 17 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Rear Pane l Rear Panel The signal generator rear panel ( Figu re 1 -3 ) provides input, ou tput, and remote in terface connections. Descriptions are pro vided for each rear p anel connector . When Option 1EM is added, all f ront panel connectors are mo ved to the r eal panel; for a descri ption of these conn ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 28

    18 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 1. AC Powe r Receptac le The ac line voltage is connected here. The power cord receptacle accepts a three-pro nged power cable that is shipped with the signal g enerator . 2. GPIB This GPIB interface allows listen and talk cap ability with compatible IEEE 488 .2 devices. 3. AUXILI ARY INTERFACE This ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 29

    Chapter 1 19 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Rear Pane l 5. S TOP SWE EP IN /OUT This female BNC con nector (Option 007 only) prov id es an open-collector , TTL- compatible input/output signal th at is used during r amp sweep operatio n. It pro vides low le vel (nom inally 0V) output du ring sweep retrace and b and-cross intervals. It pro vides high le ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 30

    20 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 11. EVEN T 1 This fe male BNC con nector (E82 67C only) i s used wit h an intern al baseban d generator (Option 002 /602); on signal generato rs witho ut Option 002/60 2, this fem ale BNC connector is non-funct ional. In real-time mode, the EV ENT 1 connector outputs a pattern or f rame synchro niza ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 31

    Chapter 1 21 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Rear Pane l 15. AUXIL IARY I /O This fe male 37-pin connector ( E8267C onl y) is act ive only on instrumen ts with an internal baseband generator (Option 002/60 2); on si gnal generato rs witho u t Option 002/60 2, this co nnector is non-funct ional. This connector pr ovides access to the inputs an d ou tput ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 32

    22 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 16. Digital Bus This is a propri etary bus used for Ag ilent Base band S tudio pr oducts, which requi re an E8267 C with Opt ion 602. Thi s connector is not op erational f or general purp ose customer use. Signal s are present only when a Baseba nd S tudio option i s instal led (for detail s, re fer ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 33

    Chapter 1 23 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Rear Pane l 21. I-bar OUT This femal e BNC con nector (E8267C only) can be used with an internal b aseband generator (O ption 002/60 2) to out put the comp lement of the analog, in-phase componen t of I/Q modulation; on signal generator s with out Op tion 0 02/6 02, thi s female BNC connect or can b e used t ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 34

    24 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 25. SMI (S OURCE MODULE INTE RF A CE) This interface is used to connect to compatible Agilent T echno logies 83550 Ser ies mm-wave source modules. 26. 10 MHz OUT This femal e BNC con nector outpu ts a nomin al signal l evel of > + 4 dBm and has an output impedance o f 50 Ω . The accuracy is det ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 35

    25 2 Basic Operation In the following sections, this chap ter describes operations commo n to all Ag ilent PSG signal generators: • “Using T able Editors” on page 26 • “Confi guring a Continuo us W ave RF Output” on p age 28 • “Confi guring a Swept RF Output” on page 31 • “Using Ramp Sweep (Opt ion 007)” on page 37 • “Ex ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 36

    26 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Usin g T able Ed itors Using T able Editors T able editors simplify configur ation tasks, such as creating a list sweep. This section p rovides information to familiarize you with basic table editor functionality using th e List Mode V alues table editor as an example. Press Preset > Sweep/ List > Configu re List ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 37

    Chapter 2 27 Basic Operation Usin g T able Edito r s T able Editor S oftkeys The following table ed itor softkeys are used to load, navigate, mo dify , and store tabl e item values. Edit Item displays the selected item in the active function area of the dis play where the item’ s value can be mo dified Insert Row inserts an identical row o f tabl ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 38

    28 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Configuring the RF Output This secti on provi des informati on on how t o create con tinuous wave and sw ept RF (on page 31 ) ou tp ut s. It also has i nformat ion on using a mm-W ave source module to extend the s ignal genera tor’ s frequ ency rang e (see page 47 ). Configuring a Continuous ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 39

    Chapter 2 29 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput 6. Press the up arrow key . Each press of the up arrow key increases the fre quency by the increment value last set with the Incr Se t hardkey . The increment value is displayed in the active entry area. 7. Th e down arrow decreases the f requency by the in crement value set in the previous s ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 40

    30 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Setting th e RF Outpu t Amplit ude 1. Preset the s ignal generator: Press Preset . The AMP LITUDE area of the disp lay shows the minimum power l evel of the signal generator . This is the normal preset RF output am plitude. 2. T urn on the RF output: Press RF On/Off . The disp lay annunciat or ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 41

    Chapter 2 31 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput Configuring a Swept RF Output A PSG signal generator has up to three sweep types: step sweep, list sweep, and ramp s weep (Option 007). NOTE List sweep data cannot be sav ed within an instru ment state, but can be s aved to the me mo ry catalog. For instructio ns on saving list sweep data, se ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 42

    32 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Using Step Sweep Step sweep pro vides a linear progre ssion throu gh the st art-to-s top frequ ency and/o r amplitude val ues. Y ou can toggle the d irection of the sweep, up or down. When the Sweep Direc tion Down Up so f tkey is set to Up, values are swept fro m the start amplitude/fr equenc ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 43

    Chapter 2 33 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput 11 . P r e s s Re turn > Sweep > Fre q & Amp l . This sets the step sweep t o sweep both f requency and amplit ude data. Sel ecting this s oftkey retu rns you to the pr evious menu an d turns on the sweep f unction . 12. Pr ess RF On/Off . The displ ay annunci ator change s from RF ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 44

    34 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Using List Sweep List sweep enables you to create a list of arbitrar y frequency , amplitude, and dwell time values and sweep the RF output b ased on the entr ies in the List Mode V alues table. Unlike a step sweep that co ntains linear ascending /descend i ng frequ ency and amplitude values , ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 45

    Chapter 2 35 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput T o Edit Lis t Sweep P oint s 1. Press Return > Sw eep > Off . T urning the sweep off allows you to edit the list sweep points without genera tin g errors. If sweep remains on during ed iting, errors o ccur whenever on e or two poin t parameters ( frequency , power , and dwell) are unde ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 46

    36 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output T o Configure a Single List Swee p 1. Press Return > Sw eep > Fre q & A m pl This turns the sweep on again. No errors should occur if all parameters for every point h ave been defined in the previou s editing process. 2. Press Single S weep . The signal generator will single sweep th ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 47

    Chapter 2 37 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput Using Ramp Sweep (Optio n 007) Ramp sweep p rovides a l inear prog ression thr ough the st art-to-st op frequen cy and/or amplitude values. Ramp sweep is mu ch faster than s t ep or list s weep, and is designe d to work wi th an 8757D scalar n etwork analyzer . This section describes the ramp ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 48

    38 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Configur ing a Frequency Sweep 1. S et up t he equipment as show n in Figu re 2- 2 . NOTE The PSG signal genera tor is not compatib le w ith the GPIB system interface of an 8 757A, 8757C, o r 8757E. F or these older scalar network anal yzers, do not connect the GPIB cab le in Figure 2-2 . This ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 49

    Chapter 2 39 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput 6. Preset either in strument. Presetting one of the instr umen ts should automat ically pr eset t he ot her a s well . If bo th in stru ment s do not preset, check the GPIB connection, GPIB addresse s, and ensure the 8 757D is set to system interface mode ( SYSI NTF se t to ON) . The PSG auto ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 50

    40 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Figure 2-3 Bandpass Filter Response on 8757D Using Markers 1. Press Markers . This opens a table editor and associated mar ker contro l soft keys. Y ou can use up to 1 0 dif ferent markers, labeled 0 throu gh 9. 2. Press Marker F req and select a frequency value w ithin the range of your sweep ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 51

    Chapter 2 41 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput 4. Mo ve the cursor back to mark er 0 and press Delt a R ef Se t > Mark er Delta Off On to On. In the table editor , notice that th e frequency v alues for each m arker are now relative to mark er 0. Re f appears in the far right column (also labeled Ref ) to indicate which marker is the r ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 52

    42 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Figure 2-5 Delta Mark ers on 8757 D 6. Press T urn Off Markers . All active markers turn off. Refer to the Key Refer ence for info rmation on other marker soft key functions. Adjusting Sweep Time 1. Press Sweep/ List . This opens a m enu of sweep co ntrol softkeys and disp lays a status scr ee ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 53

    Chapter 2 43 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput 3. Press Sweep Time to Manual > 5 > sec . In auto mode, the sweep time automatically sets to the fastest allo wable value. In manual mode, you can select any sweep time slower than the fastest allo wable. The fastes t allowable sweep time is depende nt on the numb er of trace points and ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 54

    44 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Figure 2-6 Alternati ng Sweep s on 8757 D Configur ing an Ampli tu de Sweep 1. Press Return > Sw eep > Off . This turns off both the current sw eep and the alternate sweep fr om the previous task. The current C W settin gs now cont rol the R F outpu t. 2. Press Conf igure Ramp /Step Swee ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 55

    Chapter 2 45 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput Configu ring a Ramp Sw eep for a Mast er/Slav e Se tup This proced ure shows y ou how to configur e two PSGs and an 875 7D to work i n a master/ slave setu p. 1. S et up t he equipment as show n in Figu re 2- 7 . Use a 9-pi n, D-subm iniature, male RS-232 c able with the pin co nfig urat i on ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 56

    46 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Figure 2-8 RS-232 Pin Con figur ation 2. Set up the slave PSG’ s frequency and power settings. By sett ing up the slave firs t, you avo id synchron ization p roblems. 3. S et up the mas ter PSG’ s frequency , po wer , and s weep time settings. The two PSGs can have different frequency and ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 57

    Chapter 2 47 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput Extending the Frequency Range with a mm- Wave Sourc e Module The RF output frequency of the signal generator can be multiplied using an Agilent 83550 Series millimeter-wave source module. The signal generator/mm-wave sou rce module’ s output is automa tically leveled when the instr uments a ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 58

    48 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Figure 2-9 Setup for E8247C PSG and E8257 C PSG without Op tion 1EA Setting th e Signal Ge nerator 1. T urn on th e s ig na l ge nera tor ’ s line pow er . Upon power-up, the signal generator automatically: • senses the mm- wave source mod ule, • switches the signal gener ato r ’ s lev ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 59

    Chapter 2 49 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput Figure 2-10 Setup f or E8267C P SG or E82 47C PS G and E8257C PSG wi th Option 1 EA The MMMOD indicator in the FRE QUENC Y area and the MM indicator in the AMP LITUDE area of th e signal generator’ s display indicate tha t the mm-wave sour ce module is active. NOTE Refer to the mm -wave sou ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 60

    50 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Modulating a Si gnal Modulating a Sign al This secti on descri bes how to turn on a modulation format, and how to app ly it to t he RF ou tput. T urning On a Modulation Format A modulation format can be turned on prior to o r after settin g the signal parameters. 1. Access the first menu within the mod ulation format. T ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 61

    Chapter 2 51 Basic Operation Modulat ing a Signa l Applying a Modulation Format to t he RF Output The carrier signal is modulated when the Mod On/Off key is set to On , and an indi vidual modulat ion f ormat is active. When the Mod On /Off key is set to Off, the MOD OFF annunci at or ap pears on t h e di sp la y .When the key is set to On, th e MOD ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 62

    52 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Da ta Storage F unctions Using Data Storage Func tions This section explain s how to use th e two forms o f si gnal generator data storage: the m emory catalog and the instrume nt stat e register. Using the Mem ory Catal og The Memory Catalog is the signal gener ator ’ s interface for v iewing, storing, an d sav ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 63

    Chapter 2 53 Basic Operation Using Data Stor age Functions Stor ing Fi les to t he Me mory Cat alog T o store a file to the memo ry catalog, first create a f ile. For this example, use the default list sweep table. 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press Sweep /List > C onfigur e Lis t Sw eep > More (1 of 2) > Load/Store . This opens the “Catalog of ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 64

    54 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Da ta Storage F unctions Using t he Instrum ent State Register The instrum ent s tate reg ister is a s ection o f m emory divided into 10 seq uences (nu mbered 0 through 9) each containi ng 100 reg isters (n umbered 00 t hrough 9 9). It is used to s tore and recall instr ument setti ngs. It provides a quick w ay t ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 65

    Chapter 2 55 Basic Operation Using Data Stor age Functions Recall ing an I nstru ment S tate Using th is procedure, you wi ll learn how to recall in strument s ettings s aved to an i nstrument state regis ter . 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press the Recall hardkey . Notice that the Sel ect Seq s oftkey shows s equence 1. (Th is is the last sequenc e that ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 66

    56 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Da ta Storage F unctions Deleting All Registers withi n a Sequence 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press the Recall or Save har dkey . Notice that the Sel ect Seq s oftkey show s the last sequence that y ou used. 3. Press Select Seq and enter the sequence nu mber containi n g the regis ters you want to d elete. 4. Press Del ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 67

    Chapter 2 57 Basic Operation Enabling Options Enabling Option s Y ou can retrofit your signal generator after purchase to add new capabilities. Some n ew optional features are implemented in hardware that you must in stall. Some options are implemen ted in software, but require the presence of op tional hardware in the inst rument. This ex ample sh ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 68

    58 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Enabling Op tions 4. Enable the software option: a. Highlig ht the d esired op tion. b. Press Modify Lice nse Key , and enter the 12-character license key (fro m the license key certificate). c. V erify that you want t o reconfigure the signal generator w ith the new op tion: Proceed With Recon figuration > Confirm C ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 69

    59 3 Optimi zing Perf or manc e In the follo wing sections, this chapter describes p roced ures that impro ve the perf ormance of th e Agilent PSG signal gener ator . • Selecting ALC Bandwidth (below) • “Using External Level ing” on page 60 • “Creating and Applyin g User Fl atness Corr ection” on page 64 • “Adjusting Reference Osc ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 70

    60 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Using Exter nal Leve ling Using External Lev eling The PSG signal generato r can be exte rnally levele d by connecting an external sensor at th e point where leveled RF output p ower is des ired. This sensor d etects changes in RF ou tput po wer and retu rns a compensating voltage to the sig nal generator ’ s ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 71

    Chapter 3 61 Optimizing Performan ce Using External L eveling Configur e the Sign al Generat or 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press Freq uency > 10 > GHz . 3. Press Ampli tud e > 0 > dBm . 4. Press RF On/Off . 5. Press Leveling M ode > Ext Detector . This deactivates the internal ALC de tector and sw itches the ALC input path to th e front p ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 72

    62 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Using Exter nal Leve ling Dete rmin in g the Leve le d O utp u t Pow er Figure 3- 3 shows the input p ower vers us output voltage ch aracteristics for typical Agilent T echnologies diode detectors. Using this chart, you can determine the lev eled pow e r at the diode detect or input by measuring th e external de ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 73

    Chapter 3 63 Optimizing Performan ce Using External L eveling External Leveling wi th Opti on 1E1 Signal Genera tors Signal generators with Option 1E1 contai n a step attenuator prior to the RF out put connect or . During external leveling, the signal gen erator autom atically holds the present attenu ator setting (to avoid power transients that ma ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 74

    64 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Creatin g and Apply ing User Flat ne ss Correct ion Creating and Apply ing User Flatness Correction User flatness correction allows th e digital adjustment of RF outp ut amplitude for up to 1601 frequency points in any fr equency o r sweep mo de. Using an Agilent E4416A/ 17A or E4 418B/19 B power m eter (contro ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 75

    Chapter 3 65 Optimizing Performan ce Creating an d Applying U ser Fl atness Correc tion Configur e the Powe r Meter 1. Select SCPI as the remote language for the power meter . 2. Zero and calibrate the power sensor to the power meter . 3. En ter the appropriate power se nsor calibration factors into the po wer meter as appro priate. 4. En able the ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 76

    66 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Creatin g and Apply ing User Flat ne ss Correct ion Configur e the Sign al Generat or 1. Press Pres et . 2. Conf igure the s ignal generator to interface with the power meter . a. Press Ampli tud e > More (1 of 2 ) > User Flatness > More (1 of 2) > Pow er Meter > E4416A , E4417A , E4418B , or E441 ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 77

    Chapter 3 67 Optimizing Performan ce Creating an d Applying U ser Fl atness Correc tion Perform the User Flat ness Correct ion NOTE If you are n ot usi ng an Agi le nt E 4416A/ 17A/ 18 B/19 B p ow er m e ter , or if your power meter does not have a GPIB interface, yo u can perfor m the user flatnes s correction manually . For instructions , see “ ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 78

    68 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Creatin g and Apply ing User Flat ne ss Correct ion Sav e th e U ser Fl atnes s Co r rect i on D ata t o the M emor y Cat alog This process allows you to save the us er flatness corr ection data as in the signal gen erator ’ s memor y catalog. W ith several user flatness correction files saved to the memory ca ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 79

    Chapter 3 69 Optimizing Performan ce Creating an d Applying U ser Fl atness Correc tion Returni ng the Signal Generator to GPIB List ener Mode During the us er flatness cor rection process, the p ower me ter is slaved to th e signal generator via GPIB, and no other controllers are allowed on the GPIB interface. The si gnal generator o perates in GP ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 80

    70 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Creatin g and Apply ing User Flat ne ss Correct ion Requi red Eq ui pmen t • Agilent 83554 A millimeter-wave source module • Agilen t E441 6A /17A / 1 8B/1 9B power meter • Agilen t R8486A power s ensor • Agilen t 834 9B microw ave amplifi er (requ ired for sign al gener at ors wit hou t Opti on 1EA) • ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 81

    Chapter 3 71 Optimizing Performan ce Creating an d Applying U ser Fl atness Correc tion Connect the Equipm en t CAUTION T o prev ent damage to the s ignal generator , tu rn o ff the line power to the s ignal gener ator before conn ecting the source module interf ace cable to th e rear panel SOURCE MODULE interface connector . 1. T urn off the line ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 82

    72 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Creatin g and Apply ing User Flat ne ss Correct ion Figure 3-6 User Flatn ess with mm - W ave Source Mod ule and Op tion 1EA S ignal Generat or NOTE T o ensure adequate RF amplitude at the mm-wave sou rce module RF input when us ing Option 1EA sign al generators , maximum amplitude loss thr ough the adapters an ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 83

    Chapter 3 73 Optimizing Performan ce Creating an d Applying U ser Fl atness Correc tion 2. C onfigure the s ignal generator to inter face with the power meter . a. Press Ampli tud e > More (1 of 2 ) > User Flatness > More (1 of 2) > Pow er Meter > E4416A , E4417A , E4418B , or E4419B . b. Press Meter A ddress > enter the power met ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 84

    74 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Creatin g and Apply ing User Flat ne ss Correct ion 2. W hen prom pt ed, pres s Don e . This loads the amplitude correction values into the user flatness cor rection array . If desired, press Configure Cal Array . This opens the user flatness corr ection array , where you can view the list of defined frequencies ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 85

    Chapter 3 75 Optimizing Performan ce Creating an d Applying U ser Fl atness Correc tion Sav e th e U ser Fl atnes s Co r rec tion D ata t o the M emo r y Cat alog This process allows y ou to save the user flatness corr ect ion data as a file in the signal generator ’ s memory catalog. W i th several user flatness correction files saved to the mem ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 86

    76 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Adjustin g Referenc e Oscill ator Bandwidt h (Option UNR) Adjusting Reference Oscillator Bandwidth (Option UNR) The reference oscillator bandwidth (som etim es r e ferred to as lo op bandwidth) in signal gene r ators with Option UNR (improved close-in phase noise) is adjustable in fixed steps fo r either an inte ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 87

    77 4 Analog Modulation In the following sections, this chap ter descr ib e s th e analog modulation capability in Agilent E8257C P SG Analog an d E8267C PSG V ector Signal Gener ators. • “Analog Mo dulation W aveforms” on page 78 • “Configur ing AM” o n page 79 • “Confi guring FM” o n page 80 • “Confi guring Φ M” on page 81 ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 88

    78 Chapter 4 Analog Mo dulati on Analog Modulati on W aveforms Analog Modulation W aveforms The signal generator can modulate the RF car ri er with fo ur types of analog modulati on: • amplitude, • freque ncy , •p h a s e , a n d •p u l s e . A vailable internal wavefor ms include: Sine sine wave with adjus table amplitude an d frequency Du ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 89

    Chapter 4 79 Analog Modulat ion Conf igurin g AM Configuring AM In this example, you will learn how to generate an amplitude-modul ated RF carrier . T o Set the Carrier Frequency 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press Freq uency > 1340 > kHz . T o Set the RF Output Amplitude Press Amplitud e > 0 > dBm . T o Set the AM Depth and Rat e 1. Press the ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 90

    80 Chapter 4 Analog Mo dulati on Config urin g FM Configuring FM In this example, you will learn how to create a frequency-modulated RF carrier . T o Set the RF Output Frequency 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press Freq uency > 1 > GHz . T o Set the RF Output Amplitude Press Amplitud e > 0 > dBm. T o Set the FM Deviation and Rate 1. Press the FM ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 91

    Chapter 4 81 Analog Modulat ion Configuring Φ M Configuring Φ M In this example, you will learn how to create a phase-modulated RF carrier . T o Set the RF Output Frequency 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press Freq uency > 3 > GHz . T o Set the RF Output Amplitude Press Amplitud e > 0 > dBm . T o Set the FM Deviation and Rate 1. Press the FM/ ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 92

    82 Chapter 4 Analog Mo dulati on Config urin g Pulse M odulati on Configuring Pulse M odulation In this example, you will learn how to create a pulse-modulated RF carrier . T o Set the RF Output Frequency 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press Freq uency > 2 > GHz . T o Set the RF Output Amplitude Press Amplitud e > 0 > dBm . T o Set the Pulse Per ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 93

    Chapter 4 83 Analog Modulat ion Conf i gur i ng t he LF Outp ut Configuring the LF Output The sig nal generator has a low f requency (LF ) output ( described on page 9 ). The LF ou tput’ s source can be switched between Internal 1 Monitor , In ternal 2 Mon itor , Func tion G enera tor 1 , or Functio n Generator 2 . Using Internal 1 Monitor or Int ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 94

    84 Chapter 4 Analog Mo dulati on Configur ing the L F Output T o Configure the LF Output wi th an Internal Modulation Source In this example, the internal FM modulation is th e LF output sou rce. NOTE Internal modulation ( Inter nal Moni tor ) is the default LF output source. Configur ing the In ternal Mo dulation as t he LF Out put Source 1. Press ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 95

    Chapter 4 85 Analog Modulat ion Conf i gur i ng t he LF Outp ut T o Configure the LF Output wi th a Function Generator Source In this example, the function generator is the LF output sou rce. Configur ing the F unction Ge nerator as th e LF Outp ut Source 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press the LF Out hardkey . 3. Press LF Out S ource > Fu nction Gene r ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 96

    86 Chapter 4 Analog Mo dulati on Configur ing the L F Output ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 97

    87 5 Dual Arbitr ar y W aveform Generator In the following sections, this ch apter describes the Du al Arb mode, which is available only in E82 67C PSG vector signal gener ators wi th Option 002/602 : • “Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers” on page 88 • “Using the Dual ARB W aveform Player” on page 99 • “Using W aveform Cl ipping ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 98

    88 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers Arbitrary ( ARB) W aveform File Header s An ARB wavef orm file header enables you to save instrum ent setup informati on (key format settin gs) along with a wave fo rm . Wh e n yo u retr iev e a st or ed w avef o rm, the header information is applied so that when ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 99

    Chapter 5 89 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers Creating a File Header for a Modulation Form at W ave form When you turn on a modulati on format, the PSG gener ates a temporary wa veform fi le (AUTOGEN_W A VEFORM ), with a default file header . Th e default header has no sig nal generat or settings saved to it. ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 100

    90 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers Modifying Header Information in a M odulation Format This procedure b uilds on the p revious procedure, explaining the dif ferent areas of a file header , and showing how to access, mo dify , and save changes to th e information. In a modulation format, you can a ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 101

    Chapter 5 91 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers 2. Save the information in the Current Inst . Settings column to the file header: Press Save Setup T o Heade r . The same set tings are now displayed in b oth the Save d Header Settings co lumn and the Curre nt Inst. S ettin gs column. The settings in the Saved He ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 102

    92 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers 3. Return to the ARB Setup men u: Press Return . This menu lets you change the current instr u ment settings. Figur e 5-3 show s the ARB Setup s oftk ey menu and t he soft key paths us ed in step s four through nine. 4. Set the ARB sample clock to 5 MHz: Press AR ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 103

    Chapter 5 93 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers Figu re 5-3 ARB Se tup So ft key M enu an d M ark er Utilit ies Dual ARB P layer softkey (it does not appear in the ARB f ormats) ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 104

    94 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers Figure 5-4 Differin g V alues between Header and Curre nt Settin g Columns Figure 5-5 Saved File Head er Changes V alues di ffer between the two columns Page 1 Page 2 V alues differ between the two columns Page 1 Page 2 ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 105

    Chapter 5 95 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers Storing Header Information for a D u al ARB Player W aveform Sequence When you create a wav eform s equence (d escribed on page 101 ), the PSG automatically creates a default file header , which takes priority over the h eaders for th e waveform segments th at com ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 106

    96 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers V iewing Header Information wit h the Dual ARB Player Off One of the dif ferences between a modulatio n format an d the dual ARB player is th at even when the dual ARB player is of f, yo u can view a file header . Y ou canno t, however , modify t he di sp l ayed ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 107

    Chapter 5 97 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers V iewing Header Information for a Differen t Waveform File While a waveform is p laying in the dual ARB player , you can view the header in formation of a dif ferent waveform file, bu t you can mod ify the header informa tion only for the waveform that is curren t ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 108

    98 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers Playing a W aveform File that Contains a Header After a waveform f ile (AUTOGEN_W A VEFORM) is generated in a modulation fo rmat and the format is turned of f, the file beco mes accessible to and can be play ed back in only the d ual ARB player . This is also tru ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 109

    Chapter 5 99 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Dual AR B W a veform Pl ayer Using the D ual ARB W aveform Play er The dual arbitrar y (ARB) wavefor m player is used to edit and play wav eform files. There are two types of waveform files: s egments (WF M1) and se quences (SEQ ). A segment s is an indi vidual w aveform t hat is defined usin ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 110

    100 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using the Dual ARB W ave form Playe r Creating W aveform Segments There are two ways to provide waveform segments for us e by the waveform sequencer . Y ou can either download a wavef orm via rem ote interfa ce or gener ate a waveform u sing one of the ARB modul ation formats. For information on down ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 111

    Chapter 5 101 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Dual AR B W a veform Pl ayer Generat ing the Second W aveform Use the f ollowing steps to generate a new mu ltitone w aveform with nine to nes. Durin g waveform generation, the M-TONE and I/ Q annunciators activate. The waveform is stored in volatile memory with the default file name AUTOGEN ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 112

    102 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using the Dual ARB W ave form Playe r Playing a W aveform Y ou can play a waveform s equence or a wave form se gment us ing t his p roce d ure. Both wave f orm t ype s follow the same process. This example pl ays a waveform sequ ence. If you h ave not created wavefo rm segments and u sed them to buil ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 113

    Chapter 5 103 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Dual AR B W a veform Pl ayer Y ou have now changed the number of repetitions for each waveform segment entry from 1 to 100 and 200, respective ly . The sequence has b een stored un der a new name to the Catalo g of Seq Files in the signal g enerator’ s m emory catalog. T o play the wavefor ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 114

    104 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using W ave form Marke rs Using W av efor m Markers W aveform markers provid e auxiliary output signals that ar e synchronized with a waveform seg ment. Y ou can place up to four markers on a waveform se gment. However , only Marker 1 and Mark er 2 can be placed using the wavefor m p layer’ s u ser ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 115

    Chapter 5 105 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using W aveform Markers T o Place Repetitively Spaced Markers w ithin a W aveform Segment If you h ave not created a waveform s egment, com plete the steps in the previous sections, “Generating the First W aveform” on page 100 and “Creating the First W aveform Segmen t” on page 100 . 1. Press ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 116

    106 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using W ave form Marke rs T o T oggle Mar kers in an Existing W a veform Sequence In a waveform seq uence, you can independently toggle the operating state of the markers on each wavefo rm segment. When you build a waveform sequen ce, the mark ers on each s egmen t are toggled to the last m arker ope ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 117

    Chapter 5 107 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using W aveform Markers T o T oggle Markers As Y ou Create a W aveform Sequence Y ou can combine waveform seg ments to create a wa veform s equence whil e independent ly togg ling the markers of each wavefor m segment. In this example, you learn how to t oggle markers while bu ilding a waveform sequ e ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 118

    108 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using W ave form Marke rs W a veform Marker Concepts The Dual Arb mod e of the signal g enerator has fo ur markers that you can place on a waveform segment. Marker 1 and Marker 2 prov ide auxiliar y output sign als to the rear -panel EVENT 1 and EVENT 2 connectors, res pectively . Markers 3 and 4 are ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 119

    Chapter 5 109 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using W aveform Markers T a ble 5-2 Marker 2 and EVENT 2 Marker File Bit 2 W aveform po int n point n +1 point n +2 point n +3 . . . Signal At EVENT 2 Conne ctor For Marker Polarity = Positiv e For Marker Polarity = Negative RF Output RF Unblanked (low ) Mkr 2 to RF Blan k = Off RF Unblan ked RF Outpu ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 120

    110 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using W ave form Marke rs A waveform seq uence comp rises waveform segm ents. When y ou combine segments to form a sequence, you can enable or disable Marker 1 and/ or Mar ker 2 on a s e gmen t-by -se g me nt basi s . When you select a s equence to output, the markers em bedded in any one segment of ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 121

    Chapter 5 111 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using W aveform T ri ggers Using W aveform T riggers The dual arbi trary wavef orm gener ator includes several dif fer ent trigge ring option s: sing le, gated, segment advance, and continuous . The trigger source can be the T rigger ha rdke y , a com ma nd s ent thr ough th e re mote interface, or an ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 122

    112 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using W aveform Clipp ing Using W aveform Clipping Clipping limit s power peaks in waveform segmen ts by clip ping the I and Q data to a selected percen tage of its highest peak. Circular clipping is defined as clipping the compos ite I/Q data (I and Q d ata are equally clipped). Rectangular clippi n ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 123

    Chapter 5 113 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using W a vefor m Cli ppi ng W a veform Clipping Concepts W avefor ms with high power peaks can caus e interm odulatio n distort ion, whic h genera tes spectral r egrowth (a condition that in terferes with signals in ad jacent frequency b ands). The clipp ing function allows you to reduce high power p ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 124

    114 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using W aveform Clipp ing As show n i n F igure 5- 12 ., simultaneous positive and negative peaks in the I and Q waveforms do not cancel each other , but combine to cr eate an even greater peak. Figu re 5-12 Comb ining the I a nd Q W avefor ms ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 125

    Chapter 5 115 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using W a vefor m Cli ppi ng How Peaks Cause Spect ral Regrowth Because of the relative infrequency of high power peaks, a waveform will have a high peak-to-average powe r rat io (s e e Fi gure 5-13 ). Because a transmitter ’ s power amplifier gain is set to p rovide a specific average power , high ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 126

    116 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using W aveform Clipp ing How Clippi ng Reduces Pea k-to- A vera ge Power Y ou can reduce peak-to- average power , and consequently sp ectral reg rowth, by clipping t he waveform to a selected percentage of its peak pow er . The PSG vector signal generator provid es two different methods of clipping: ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 127

    Chapter 5 117 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using W a vefor m Cli ppi ng Figure 5-16 Rectangul ar Clippi ng ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 128

    118 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using W aveform Clipp ing Figure 5-17 Redu ction of Peak -to- A verage Powe r ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 129

    119 6 Custom A rb W a veform Generat or This chapter describes the Cu sto m Arb W aveform Ge nerato r mode which is available only in E826 7C PSG vector sign al generators . This chapter i ncludes th e following major s ections: • “Over vie w” on pa ge 120 • “W orking with Predefined Setups (Mod es)” on page 121 • “W orking with Fil ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 130

    120 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r Over view Overview Custom Arb W aveform Generato r mode can produce a single modulated carrier or multiple modulate d carriers. Each modulat ed carrier wavefo rm must be calculated and generate d before it can be output ; this signal g eneration occu rs on the i nternal bas eband generator (Option 002/ ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 131

    Chapter 6 121 Custom Arb Waveform Generator W orking w ith Predef ined Set ups (Mode s) W orking with Predefin ed Setups (Modes) When you select a predefined mo de, defa ult values for compone nts of the setup (in cluding the filte r , symbol rate, and modulation type) are autom atically specified. Selecting a Custom ARB Setup or a Custom Digital M ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 132

    122 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r W or ki ng with User-De fin ed Setu ps (Modes)- Cust om Arb Only W orking with Use r-Defined Se tups (M odes) − Custom Arb Only Modifying a Si ngle-Carrier NADC Setup In this procedure, you learn how to start with a single-carrier NADC digital modulation and modify it to a custom waveform with custom ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 133

    Chapter 6 123 Custom Arb Waveform Generator W orking with Us er-Define d Setups (Mod es)-Custom Arb Onl y Customizing a Multi carrier Se tup In th is proc edure, you learn how to cu stom ize a pred ef ined multicarrier di gital modulation set up by creatin g a custom 3-carrier E DGE digital modulation state. 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press Mode > Cu ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 134

    124 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r W or ki ng with User-De fin ed Setu ps (Modes)- Cust om Arb Only Recalling a User-Defined Custom Digital Modul ation State In this procedu re, you learn ho w to select (recall) a pr eviously stored custom digital modulation state from the Memory Catalog (the Catalog of DMO D Files ). 1. Press Pres et . ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 135

    Chapter 6 125 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Wo r k i n g w i t h Fi l t er s W orking with Filters This secti on provi des informati on on us ing predefin ed ( page 126 ) and user -def ined ( page 127 ) FIR filters. NOTE The procedu res in this section apply o nly to filters created in either the C ustom Arb W avefor m Generator or Custom Real T i ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 136

    126 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r Wo r k i n g w i t h Fi l t er s • Filt er A lph a enables you to adjust the f ilter alpha for a Ny quist or root Nyq uist filter . If a Gaussian filter is used, you will see Filter BbT ; this softkey is grayed out when any other filter is selected. •( Custo m Re al time I/Q B aseba nd On ly ) Opti ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 137

    Chapter 6 127 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Wo r k i n g w i t h Fi l t er s Restoring D efault FIR Filt er Param eters 1. Preset the in strument: Press Pr eset . 2. Press Mode > Cus tom > ARB Wa veform Generator > Digit al Mo d Def ine > Fil ter > Re store Def ault Fil ter . This replaces the current FIR filter with the default filt ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 138

    128 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r Wo r k i n g w i t h Fi l t er s 7. Press Display Imp ulse Respon se . A graph d isplays the impulse respo nse of the current FIR coefficien ts. 8. Press Return . 9. High light coefficien t 15. 10. Pr ess 0 > Enter . 11 . P r e s s D isplay Impul se Response . The graphic d isplay can provide a u se ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 139

    Chapter 6 129 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Wo r k i n g w i t h Fi l t er s T o Create a User -Defi ned FI R Fil ter wit h t he FIR V alues Edit or In this procedur e, you use th e FIR V alues editor to create and s tore an 8-symb ol, windowed, sinc functio n filter with an oversample ratio of 4. The Oversample Ratio (OSR) is th e n umb er of filt ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 140

    130 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r Wo r k i n g w i t h Fi l t er s 6. Use the n umeric keypad to type the first value ( − 0.000 076) fr om the foll owing ta ble and p ress Enter . As you press th e numeric keys, the n umbers are displayed in the active entry area. (If you make a mistake, you can correct it using the backspace key .) ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 141

    Chapter 6 131 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Wo r k i n g w i t h Fi l t er s real-tim e waveform g eneration, and 512 symb ols for arbitrary w aveform gener ation. T he number of symbols equals the n umber of coef fici ents divided b y the oversam ple ratio. 9. Press More (1 of 2 ) > Display FF T (fast Fourier transform). A graph displays the fa ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 142

    132 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r Wo r k i n g w i t h Fi l t er s ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 143

    Chapter 6 133 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Workin g wi th Sy mb o l Ra tes W orking with Sy mbol Rates The Symbol Rate menu enables you to set the rate at which I/Q symb ol s are fed to the I/Q modula tor . The default transmission sy m bol rate can also be restored in this menu. • Symbol Rate (disp layed as Sym Ra te ) is the nu mber of sym bol ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 144

    134 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Wor king with Sym bol Rates Modu latio n T y pe Bits Per Symbol Bit Rate = Symbols/s x Numbe r of Bits /Symbol Internal Symbol Rate (Minimum Maximum) Custom Real Tim e Only Exter na l Symb ol Rate (Minim um Maxim um) PSK Phase Shift Keying QPSK and OQ PSK (quadra tu re phase shif t ke yin g an d offset qu ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 145

    Chapter 6 135 Custom Arb Waveform Generator W orking with Symbol Rates QAM Quadrature Amplit ude Modulat ion 4QAM 2 90 bps − 100 Mb ps 45 s ps − 50 Msps 45 sps − 25 M sps 16QAM 4 180 bps − 200 Mbps 45 sps − 50 Msps 45 sps − 12 .5 M sps 32QAM 5 225 bps − 250 Mbps 45 sps − 50 Msps 45 sps − 10 Msps 64QAM 6 270 bps − 300 Mbps 45 sps ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 146

    136 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r W orking with Modulat ion T ypes W orking with M odulation T ypes The Modul ati on T ype menu enable s yo u to s pecify t h e ty pe of modulation applied to th e carrier signal wh en the Mod On Off hard key is on. When the Custom Off On softke y i s on : • For Cu stom Arb, the BBG creat es a sampled ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 147

    Chapter 6 137 Custom Arb Waveform Generator W orking with Mod ulation T ypes T o Use a User- Defined Modulation T ype (R eal Time I/Q Only) Creatin g a 128Q AM I/Q Modul ation T ype User F ile with the I/Q V alues Edit or In I/Q modulation schemes, sym bols appear in default positions in the I/Q plane. Usi ng the I/Q Valu es edit or, you c an de fi ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 148

    138 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r W orking with Modulat ion T ypes 4. Press Return > Goto Row > 0011 000 0 > Enter ; this is row 48. 5. Press the Delete R o w softkey 16 times. Repeat this pattern of steps using the following table: 6. Press Displ ay I /Q Ma p to view the new constellatio n that h a s been created. The I/Q Sta ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 149

    Chapter 6 139 Custom Arb Waveform Generator W orking with Mod ulation T ypes Creatin g a QPSK I/Q Mod ulatio n T ype User File with the I/ Q V a lues Edit or In I/Q modulation schemes, sym bols appear in default positions in the I/Q plane. Usi ng the I/Q Valu es edit or, you c an de fin e your own s ymb ol map by c ha ng i ng th e posit ion of one ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 150

    140 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r W orking with Modulat ion T ypes 6. Press More (1 of 2 ) > Loa d/Store > Store T o File . If there is already a f ile name fr om the Catalo g of IQ F iles occupying the activ e entry area, press the followin g keys: Editing Keys > Cle ar T ext 7. En ter a file name (for ex ample, NEW4QAM ) us ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 151

    Chapter 6 141 Custom Arb Waveform Generator W orking with Mod ulation T ypes Creat ing an FS K Modulati on T ype User F ile with the Fre quency V alues Ed itor Use this procedure t o set the f requency devi ation for data 00 , 01 , 10 , and 11 to configure a user-def ined FSK modulati on. 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press Mode > Cus tom > Real Time ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 152

    142 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r W orking with Modulat ion T ypes Modifyi ng a Pred efin ed FSK Mod ulat io n T ype User Fi le wit h the Fr eq uency V alues Edit o r Using th e Frequ ency Valu es editor , yo u can def ine, modify , and s tore user -defined frequency s hift keying modulat ion. The Freq uency Value s editor is available ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 153

    Chapter 6 143 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Conf igur ing H ar dwa re Configuring Hardw are • “T o Set the ARB Reference” see page 14 4 T o Set a Delayed, Positive Polarity , E xternal Single T rigger Using this procedure, you learn how to utili ze an external function generator to apply a delayed single-trigger to a custom multicarrier wavef ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 154

    144 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r Configur ing Hardwar e 1 1. On the si gnal ge ner ator, press Mo de > Custom > Arb W aveform Ge nerator > Digital Mod ulation O ff On until On i s hi ghl ight ed. This generates a wavef orm with the custom multicarrier state and the displa y changes to D ig Mod Setup: Mul ticarrie r . During w ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 155

    145 7 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband This chapt er descri bes the Cus tom Real T ime I/Q Baseband mode which is available o nly in E82 67C PSG vector sign al generators . This chapter i ncludes th e following major s ections: • “Over vie w” on pa ge 146 • “W orking with Predefined Setups (Mod es)” on page 146 • “W orking with Data Pa ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 156

    146 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and Over view Overview Custom Real T ime I/Q B aseband m ode can produ ce a singl e carrier , but it can be modu lated with real time data that allows real time control o v er all of the parameters that a ffect the signal. The single carrier signal that is pr oduced can be modified by apply ing va rious da ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 157

    Chapter 7 147 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband Working w ith Da ta P atter ns W orking with Data Patterns This section provides inf orm atio n on the following: • “Using a Predefined Data Pattern” on pag e 148 • “Using a User -Defined Data Pattern” o n page 149 • “Using an Externally Supplied Data Patt ern” on page 152 The Data men ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 158

    148 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and W orking with Data Patte rns Using a Pr edefined Data Patt ern Selecti n g a Predef ined P N Sequen ce Data P atter n 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press Mode > Cus tom > Real Time I/Q Baseba nd > Data > PN S eque nce . 3. Press one of the following: PN9 , PN11 , PN1 5 , PN 20 , PN23 . Selecti n g a ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 159

    Chapter 7 149 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband Working w ith Da ta P atter ns Using a Us er-Def ined Data P atter n User Files (user- defined data pattern f iles) can be created an d modified usin g the signal gen erator’ s Bi t File Ed itor or they can be created on a remote comp uter and moved to the sign al generator f or direct use; these remo ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 160

    150 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and W orking with Data Patte rns 3. En ter the 3 2 bit values shown using the numeric key pad. Bit data is entered into the Bit Fi le Editor in 1- bit format. The current hexadecim a l v alue of the binary data is show n in the Hex Data column and the cursor pos ition (in h exadecimal) is shown in the Posit ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 161

    Chapter 7 151 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband Working w ith Da ta P atter ns Modifying an Existi ng Data Pattern User File In this example, you learn how to modify an existing data pattern user file by navigating to a particular bit position and changing its value. Next, you will learn h ow to in vert th e bit values o f an existing data pattern us ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 162

    152 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and W orking with Data Patte rns Inverting t he Bit V alues of an Existi ng Data Patte rn User Fil e 1. Press 1011. This inverts the bit values that ar e posit ioned 4C through 4F . Notice that hex data in this row has now chan g ed to 76DB 6DB6 , as sh own i n the f oll ow ing figu r e. T o Apply Bit E rro ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 163

    Chapter 7 153 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband Working wit h Burs t Sh ape s W orking with Burst S hapes • “Confi guring the Burst Ri se and Fall Parameters” on page 154 • “Using User -Defined Bu rst Shape Curves” on page 155 The Burst Sh ape menu enables you to modify the r ise an d fall time, rise and fall delay , and the burst shape ( ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 164

    154 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and Working wit h Burs t Sh ape s Burst shape maxim um rise and fall time v a lu es are affected by the f ollowing factors: • the symbol rat e • the modulati on type When the rise and fall delays equal 0 , the b urst s h ape attempts to synchronize the maximum burst shape powe r to the b e ginn ing o f ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 165

    Chapter 7 155 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband Working wit h Burs t Sh ape s Using Us er-Def ined Bu rst Shap e Curve s Y ou can adjust the shape of the rise tim e curve and the fall time curve using the Rise Sh ape and Fa ll Shape ed itors. Each editor enables you to enter up to 256 val ues, equidis tant in tim e, to define the shape of the curve. ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 166

    156 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and Working wit h Burs t Sh ape s Figu re 7- 1 5. Press More (1 of 2 ) > Display B urst S hape . This displays a graphical rep resentation of the waveform’ s rise and fall characteristics. Figu re 7- 2 NOTE T o return the burst shap e to the defa u lt cond itions, press Return > Return > C o n f ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 167

    Chapter 7 157 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband Working wit h Burs t Sh ape s 7. En ter a file name (for ex ample, NEWBURST ) us ing the alph a keys and t he numeri c keypad. 8. Press Enter . The contents of the current Rise Sha pe and Fall Shap e editors are s tored to the Catalog of SHAPE F iles . This burst shap e can now be used to cu stomize a m ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 168

    158 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and Configur ing Hardwar e Configuring Hardw are • “T o Set the BBG Reference” on page 158 • “T o Set the External DA T A CLOCK to Receive In put as Either Normal or Symbol” on pag e 159 • “T o Set th e BBG DA T A CLOCK to External or Internal” on page 159 • “T o Adjust t he I/Q Scalin ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 169

    Chapter 7 159 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband Conf igur ing H ar dwa re T o Set the External DA T A CLOCK to Receive Input as Either Normal or Symbol 1. Press Mode > Cus tom > Real Time I/Q Baseba nd > More (1 of 3) > Configure Hardware . Configure Hardware allows you to access a menu from which yo u can set the e xternal DA T A C LOCK ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 170

    160 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and W orking with Phase Pola rity W orking with Pha se Polarity T o Set Phase Polarity to Normal or Inverted 1. Press Mode > Cus tom > Real Time I/Q Baseba nd > More (1 of 3) > Phase Polarit y Norm a l Invert . Phase Polarity Normal I nvert enables you to either leave the selection as No rmal (s ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 171

    Chapter 7 161 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband W orking wit h Differen tial Data Encoding symbols can be dif ferentially encoded duri ng the modulation process by assigni ng symbol table of fset values associated with each data value. Figure 7-3 shows the 4QAM mod ulation in the I/Q Val ues editor . Figu re 7- 3 NOTE The number of bits per s ymbol c ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 172

    162 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and Working with Differ entia l D ata En codi ng Differe ntial Da ta Enc o ding In real-time I/Q base band digita l modulati on waveforms , data (1’ s and 0’ s) are e ncoded, modu lated on to a carrier frequency and subsequen tly transmitted to a receiver . In contrast to differential encoding, differen ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 173

    Chapter 7 163 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband W orking wit h Differen tial Data Encoding How Dif ferent ial Enc oding W orks Differen tial encoding empl oys of fset s in the s ymbol table to enco de us er-d efined modulation schemes. The Differe ntial State Ma p editor is used to introduce sym bol table offset values, which in turn cause transition ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 174

    164 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and Working with Differ entia l D ata En codi ng When applied to the user-defined default 4QAM I/Q map, starting from the 1st symbol (data 00), the differ ential encoding trans itions for the d ata stream (in 2-bit symbols ) 001 1 100001 appear i n the pre vious illustration . As you can see, the 1s t and 4 ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 175

    Chapter 7 165 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband W orking wit h Differen tial Data Encoding Using Di fferenti al Encoding Differen tial encoding is a digital-encoding tech n ique that den otes a bi nary value by a signal change rather than a particular signal state. It is available for Cust om Real T ime I / Q Baseband mode. It is n ot a vailable for ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 176

    166 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and Working with Differ entia l D ata En codi ng Accessin g the Diff erent ial State M ap Edito r •P r e s s Conf igure D ifferen tial Encodin g . This opens the Different ial Stat e Map editor . At this point, you see the data for the 1st symbol (000000 00) and the cur sor prepared to accept an of fs et ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 177

    Chapter 7 167 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband W orking wit h Differen tial Data Encoding 4. Press 0 > Enter . This encodes the fourth symbol by add ing a sy mbol table of fset of 0. The sy mbol does not rotate through the state map when a data value of 1 1 is modulated. NOTE At this po int, the m odulatio n has two bits per s ymbol. For the data ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 178

    168 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and Working with Differ entia l D ata En codi ng ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 179

    169 8 Multitone W aveform Generator This chapter describes the Multitone mode, which is available only in E8267C PSG vector signal generators. This chapter i ncludes th e following major s ections: • “Over vie w” on pa ge 170 • “Creating, V iewi ng, and Optimizing Multitone W aveforms” o n page 171 ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 180

    170 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Gener ator Over view Overview The multitone mode builds a waveform that has up to 64 CW signals, or tones. Us ing the Multit one Setup table ed itor , you can define, modify , and store waveforms for playback. Multitone waveforms are generated by the intern al I/Q baseban d generator . The multitone waveform generat ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 181

    Chapter 8 171 Multitone W aveform Generator Creating, V i ewing, and Optimi zing Multi tone W aveforms Creating, V iewing, and Optimizing Multitone W av eform s This section describes ho w to set up, generat e, and optimize a multitone waveform while v iewin g it wi th a spectrum analyzer . Although you can view a generated multitone signal using a ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 182

    172 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Gener ator Creatin g, V iewing, and Optim izing Mult itone W aveforms The multitone signal should be available at the sig nal generator RF OUTPUT connector . Figur e 8-2 on pag e 172 shows what the signal generator display sh ould look like after all steps have been completed. Notice that the M-TONE , I/ Q , RF ON , ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 183

    Chapter 8 173 Multitone W aveform Generator Creating, V i ewing, and Optimi zing Multi tone W aveforms 7. S et the atte nuation t o 14 dB, so yo u’re not o ver driving the input m ixer on the spectrum an alyzer . Y ou should now see a w avefo rm wi t h nin e to nes and a 2 0 GHz center car rier freq uenc y that is similar to the one sh own in Fig ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 184

    174 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Gener ator Creatin g, V iewing, and Optim izing Mult itone W aveforms 6. Press Edit I tem > -10 > dB . 7. Highl igh t the valu e ( 0 ) in the Phas e column for the tone in row 4. 8. Press Edit I tem > 123 > deg . 9. Press Apply Multitone . NOTE Whenever a change is made to a setting while the multi tone ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 185

    Chapter 8 175 Multitone W aveform Generator Creating, V i ewing, and Optimi zing Multi tone W aveforms Figu re 8- 5 T o Minimize Carrier Feedthrough This procedure describes h ow to minimize carr ier feed through and measur e the di ff erence in po wer between the tones and their intermodulatio n dis to rti on pro ducts . Carrier feedthrough can on ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 186

    176 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Gener ator Creatin g, V iewing, and Optim izing Mult itone W aveforms 4. Press Q Off set and turn the rotary knob to fur ther reduce the carrier feedthrough lev el. 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until you have reached the lowest possible carrier feedthrough level. 6. On the spectrum analyzer , return the resolution bandwi ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 187

    Chapter 8 177 Multitone W aveform Generator Creating, V i ewing, and Optimi zing Multi tone W aveforms T o Determine Peak to Average Characte ristics This procedure describ es how to s et the phases of the tones i n a multito ne waveform and d etermine the peak to average characteristics by plotting the complementary cumulative distrib u tion funct ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 188

    178 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Gener ator Creatin g, V iewing, and Optim izing Mult itone W aveforms 10. Pr ess Done . 11 . P r e s s A pply Multitone . 12. Pr ess More (1 of 2 ) > W a veform Stat istics > P lot CCDF . Y ou should no w s ee a di spl ay that is s imi l ar to th e on e show n in Figur e 8 -8 . The CC DF plot dis plays the pea ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 189

    179 9 T w o- T one W aveform Generator In the following s ections, this chapter des cribes the T wo T one mode, which is av ailable only in E8267C PSG vector sign al generators . • “Over vie w” on pa ge 180 • “Creating , V iewing, and Modi fying T wo- T one W aveforms” on page 181 ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 190

    180 Chapter 9 Tw o - To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Over view Overview The two-tone mode builds a waveform that has tw o equal-powered CW sig n a ls, or to nes . The default waveform has two ton es that are symmetri cally spaced from the center carrier frequ ency , and have user-d efined amplitude, carrier frequency , and frequency separa ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 191

    Chapter 9 181 T wo - T one W aveform G enerato r Creating, V ie wing, and M odifying T wo- T one W aveform s Creating, Viewing, and Modifying T wo- T one W aveforms This secti on descri bes how to s et up, gener ate, and mod ify a two -tone wavefor m while v iewing it wi th a spectrum analyzer . Although you can view a g enerated tw o-tone s ignal ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 192

    182 Chapter 9 Tw o - To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Creating, V iewing, and Modifying T wo- T one W aveforms Figu re 9- 2 T o V iew a T wo- T one W aveform This proced ure des cri bes h ow to conf igure t he spectr um analyzer to v iew a two-to ne wave form and its IMD products. Actual key presses will v a ry , depending on the model of s ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 193

    Chapter 9 183 T wo - T one W aveform G enerato r Creating, V ie wing, and M odifying T wo- T one W aveform s Figu re 9- 3 Carrier Feed through Inter modulati on Distor tion T wo-T one Channels Carrier Feedthrough Distorti on ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 194

    184 Chapter 9 Tw o - To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Creating, V iewing, and Modifying T wo- T one W aveforms T o Minimize Carrier Feedthrough This procedure describes h ow to minimize carr ier feed through and measur e the di ff erence in po wer between the tones and th eir in te rmod ulat i on dis t orti on prod ucts . Carri er feedthrou ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 195

    Chapter 9 185 T wo - T one W aveform G enerato r Creating, V ie wing, and M odifying T wo- T one W aveform s Figu re 9- 4 Minimized Delta Marker Main Marker Carrier Feed thr ough ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 196

    186 Chapter 9 Tw o - To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Creating, V iewing, and Modifying T wo- T one W aveforms T o Change the Alignment of a T wo- T one W aveform This procedure describes how to align a two-tone waveform left or right, relative to the center carrier freque ncy . Because the fr equency o f one of t he tones is the same as th ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 197

    187 10 T roubleshooting This chapt er pro vides basic trou bleshoo ting inform ation for A gilent PS G signal gen erators. If you do n ot find a soluti on here, refer t o the Service Guide . NOTE If the sign al generator disp lays an error , always read the error message tex t by pres sing Utility > Error Info . • “RF Ou t p ut P ow er Pr o ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 198

    188 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 199

    Chapter 1 0 189 T rouble shooti ng RF Output Power Problems RF Output Power Problem s Check the RF ON/O FF annunciator on the display . If it reads RF OFF , p ress RF On/Off to toggle the RF output on. RF Output Power too Low 1. Lo ok for an OFFS or REF indicator in the AMP LITUD E area of the display . OFFS tells you that an amplitude offset has b ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 200

    190 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng RF Output Power Proble ms Signal Loss While Working with a Mixer If you experience signal loss at the signal ge nerato r ’ s RF output during low-amplitude cou pled oper atio n with a mixer , you can solv e the problem by adding at tenuation and increasing t he RF output amplitude of the signal g enerator . Figur ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 201

    Chapter 1 0 191 T rouble shooti ng RF Output Power Problems Figure 1 0-2 Reverse P o wer Sol ut i on Compared to the original config uration, the ALC level is 10 dB high er while th e attenuato r reduces the LO feedthro ugh (and the RF output of the si gnal gener ator) by 1 0 dB. Using the attenuated configur ation, th e dete ctor i s exp ose d t o ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 202

    192 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng RF Output Power Proble ms Signal Loss W hile Working with a Spectrum Analyzer The ef fects of revers e power can cause problems with the signal generator’ s RF output w hen the signal generator is used with a spectrum anal yzer th at does n ot hav e preselection capability . Some spectrum analyzers have as much a ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 203

    Chapter 1 0 193 T rouble shooti ng No Modulation at the RF Outpu t There are three p ower search modes: m anual, automatic, and s pan. When Power Sea rch is s et to Manual, pressin g Do Pow er Se arch executes the power s ear ch calibratio n routine for the current RF frequency and amplitude. In this mode, if there is a change in RF frequency or am ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 204

    194 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng Sweep Problems Sweep Pr oblems Sweep Appears to be St alled The current status of the sweep is indicated as a s had ed rectangle in the pro gress bar . Y ou can observe the progress bar to determine if the sweep is p rogressing. If the sweep appear s to have stalled, check the following: ❏ Have you turn ed on the ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 205

    Chapter 1 0 195 T rouble shooti ng Sweep Problems Incorrect List Swee p Dwell Time If the signa l generator d oes not dwell for the correct per iod of time at each sweep list point, follow these steps: 1. Press Sweep /List > C onfig ure Lis t Sweep . This displays the sweep list values. 2. Check the sweep list dwell values for accur acy . 3. Edi ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 206

    196 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng Data Storage Probl ems Data Storage Problem s Registers With Previously Stored Instrument States are Empty The save/recall regist ers are backed-up by a battery when line power to the sig nal gene rator is n ot connected. The battery may need to be replaced. T o verify that the battery has failed: 1. T urn off li n ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 207

    Chapter 1 0 197 T rouble shooti ng Cannot T urn Off Help Mode Cannot T urn Off Help Mo de 1. Press Utili ty > Instrument Info/Hel p Mode 2. Press Help Mo de Sing le Cont until Single is highlighted. The sig nal generator has two he lp mode s; sing le and cont inuous. When you pr ess Help in single mo de (the factory preset condition), help tex t ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 208

    198 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng Signal Generator Locks Up Signal Generat or Locks Up If the signa l generator is locked up, check the following: • Make sure that the signal generator is not in remote mode (in remote mode, the R ann unciator app ears on the disp lay). T o exit remote mode an d unlock t he front pa nel keypad, pr ess Local . • ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 209

    Chapter 1 0 199 T rouble shooti ng Signal Generator Locks Up 3. Release the Pr eset key . 4. T o continu e with the sequence, press Continue (to abort with n o lost files, press Abort ). 5. W hen the sequen ce concludes: a. Cycle power . Cycling power restores all previous ly installed options . Because calibration files are restored fro m EEPROM, ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 210

    200 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng Error Me ssages Error Messa ges If an error condition occurs in the signal generator , it is reported to both the front panel display error queue and the SCPI (rem ote interface) error q ueue. These two q ueues are viewed and man aged separately; for information on the SCPI error qu eue, refer to the Pr ogrammin g ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 211

    Chapter 1 0 201 T rouble shooti ng Error Messag es Error Message Format When accessing error messages th rough the fro nt panel display error queue, the erro r numbers, messages and descrip tions are display ed on an enum erated (“1 of N”) basis. Error messages appear in the lower -lef t corner of the d isplay as they occur . Explanation provid ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 212

    202 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng Error Me ssages Error Messag e T ypes Events do not generat e more th an one type of error . For example, an event that gen erates a query er ror will not generate a de vice-specific, execution, or command error . Quer y Error s ( –49 9 to –4 00) indicate that the instrument’ s output queue contro l has detec ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 213

    Chapter 1 0 203 T rouble shooti ng Returnin g a Signal Gene rator to Agilent T echnologies Returning a S ignal Generator to A gilent T ec hnologies T o return your sig nal ge n erator to Agilent T echnolo gies, follow these steps: 1. Be prepared to giv e your service representative as much information as p ossible regarding th e signal gene r ato r ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 214

    204 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng Returni ng a Signal Ge nerator to Ag ilent T echnol ogies ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 215

    Ind ex 205 Index Symbols Φ M, 81 Numerics 10 MHz connectors, 24 128QAM I/Q modulation, creating, 137 1410, appl ic a tion n ote , 170 , 180 A AC power receptacle, 18 ACP, 126 , 15 4 active entry area (display), 13 adju st me n ts, di sp l a y, 11 Agilen t T echno lo gies, 20 3 ALC annunciator, 14 bandwidth s election, 59 input connector, 9 limitat ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 216

    Index 206 Index continuo us list sweep, 36 step sweep, 33 wave RF out put, 28 contrast ad justmen ts (disp l a y) , 11 correction array (user flatness) configur ation, 66 load from s tep array, 66 viewing, 67 See also user flatness cor rection couplers/splitters, using, 60 Cust om Arb w a vef orm ge ner a tor, 11 9 – 144 Custom Real T i me I/Q ba ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 217

    Ind ex 207 Index front p anel descr iption, 6 – 16 FSK files, 52 modulation, 136 , 141 , 142 G GA TE/PULSE/TRIGGER INPUT con nector, 10 Gaussian filter, selecting, 126 Goto Ro w soft key, 27 GPIB, 18 , 69 H hard keys , 6 – 11 hardware, confi guring, 1 43 , 15 8 header files (AR B waveform), 88 – 98 Help hard key, 8 help mo de troubles hooting ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 218

    Index 208 Index microwave amplifier, 47 mixer , signal loss while using, 190 mm-wave source mo dule extending frequency range with, 47 leveling with, 63 user flatness cor rection array , creating, 69 – 75 mod on/ off, 9 , 15 mode l s, si gn al gen era tor , 2 modes of operatio n, 5 modulation amplitude. See AM analog, 78 annunciators, 14 – 16 a ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 219

    Ind ex 209 Index rectangular clipping , 11 2 reference amplitude, setting, 30 frequency , setting, 29 oscillato r bandwidth, adjust ing, 76 regist ers, 54 , 55 remote con trol, 69 remote operation annunciator , 15 repair , return instructions , 203 Return hard key, 11 RF output annunciator, 15 configur ing, 28 – 49 connector, 10 leveling, externa ...

  • Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - page 220

    Index 210 Index user -defined burst shape curves, 155 data patterns, 149 files, 52 filters, 127 , 129 modulat i on type custom arb , 122 real time I/Q, 137 , 165 V vector PSG features, 4 VIDEO OUT connector, 10 W waveforms analog mo dulation, 78 ARB header files, 88 – 98 clippin g, 11 2 – 118 custom, 119 – 144 Custo m Real T ime I/Q baseban d ...

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Tutti sono importanti, ma le informazioni più importanti dal punto di vista di utilizzo del dispositivo possono essere trovate nel manuale per l’uso Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG.

Un gruppo di documenti denominato manuali per l’uso, è anche suddiviso in tipi più specifici, come: Manuali di installazione Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG, manuali di manutenzione, brevi manuali o manuali utente Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG. A seconda delle esigenze, si dovrebbe cercare il documento necessario. Nel nostro sito web, puoi visualizzare il manuale più popolare per l'uso del prodotto Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG.

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Manuale completo del dispositivo Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG, come deve essere?
Il manuale per l’uso, denominato anche istruzioni per l’uso, o semplicemente il manuale è un documento tecnico progettato per aiutare ad utilizzare Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG dagli utenti. I manuali sono di solito scritti da uno scrittore tecnico, ma in un linguaggio accessibile a tutti gli utenti Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG.

Il manuale per l’uso completo Agilent Technologies, dovrebbe includere vari elementi di base. Alcuni di loro sono meno importanti, come ad esempio: copertina / pagina del titolo o pagina di autore. Tuttavia, la parte rimanente, dovrebbe fornire informazioni importanti dal punto di vista dell'utente.

1. Introduzione e la guida su come utilizzare il manuale Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG - All'inizio di ogni manuale, dovremmo trovare indizi su come utilizzare il documento. Dovrebbe contenere informazioni sulla posizione dell’indice Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG, FAQ o i problemi più comuni : i punti che sono più spesso cercati dagli utenti di ogni manuale
2. Indice - elenco di tutti i suggerimenti per Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG che possono essere trovati nel documento corrente
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4. Troubleshooting - sequenza sistematica delle attività che vi aiuterà a diagnosticare e, successivamente, risolvere i problemi più importanti del Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG
5. FAQ - domande più frequenti
6. Dettagli di contatto Informazioni su dove cercare il contatto con il fabbricante / servizio Agilent Technologies E8257C PSG in un dato paese, se il problema non può essere risolto da noi stessi.

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