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Rot ary Mower Basics PART NO. 09167SL ...
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Rotary Mowers 1 Toro University Technical Training Table of Contents Historical Ba ckground ...................................................................................................... 2 Theory of O peratio n ......................................................................................................... 4 Cutting Ac tion ....... ...
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2 Rotary Mowers Toro University Technical Training Historical Background The first practical concept of a rotary type mower goes back to the 1930's. The concept evolved from the need for a grass maintenance tool that could cut long grass acceptably without the cost and sophistication of a reel mower. During the 1940's improvements in engi ...
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Rotary Mowers 3 Toro University Technical Training Improvements in engines and drive systems have resulted in the very effective commercial type rotary mowers that are presently available. ...
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4 Rotary Mowers Toro University Technical Training Theory of Operation Dec k h ous ing Blade Blade mou nting and d ri v e s y s tem There are three basic structural members to a rotary cutting unit. Cutter Deck Housing The deck housing supports the blade hubs with their dr ive mechanism and is shaped to carry the cut grass clippings away from the d ...
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Rotary Mowers 5 Toro University Technical Training Power transfer from the engine to the blades is typically done by way of belts and transfer shafts. Belt drives typically transfer a high percentage of the available horsepower to the blade and generally produce much less noise than hydraulic drive systems. Bla de s p ind le as s em bl y Larg e Di ...
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6 Rotary Mowers Toro University Technical Training Cutting Action Cutting action A rotary mower cuts grass by impacting the blade cutting edge against the grass blades at a very high velocity. This cutting action requires that the blade cutting edge is sharp and rotating at an adequate speed. Three types of cutting decks are shown here; a recycler ...
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Rotary Mowers 7 Toro University Technical Training Rotar y mower clip To understand rotary cutting theory you must understand the concept of clip. Clip can be defined as the forward distance traveled by the cutting unit during one revolution of the blade. This distance is divided by the number of blade tips to arrive at the clip dimension. The dott ...
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8 Rotary Mowers Toro University Technical Training Equipment Application Rotary mowing equipment is designed for a specific application. The misapplication of rotary mowing equipment can only result in abuse, poor qualities of cut and costly downtime. The following application factors will affect the equipment requirements. Turf areas main taine d ...
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Rotary Mowers 9 Toro University Technical Training Capabilitie s and limitation s Capabilities and limitations Rotary mowers will not give the manicured cut appearance of a reel mower, but will give an acceptable appearance in more varied and adverse conditions. Rotary mowers are capable of cutting much higher grass than reel mowers. When an excess ...
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10 Rotary Mowers Toro University Technical Training The Importance of the Operator and Equipment Manager The large investment in specialized cutting equipment cannot be jeopardized by unqualified operators. Before an operator can be considered qualified to operate a piece of equipment, there should be a significant effort by the supervisor towards ...
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Rotary Mowers 11 Toro University Technical Training Productive Equipment Operation Experience has shown that a high percentage of the problems that develop on turf equipment do not require an overhaul or disassembly type correction. In many cases a problem has developed over a period of time and it could have been corrected by adjustment, lubricati ...
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12 Rotary Mowers Toro University Technical Training Wheel tra ction and hill cli m bing Wheel traction Tire pressure in the traction wheels is critical for maximum traction capability. Over-inflated tire pressure can cause spinning and tearing out of the turf in adverse conditions. if lowering the tire pressure does not correct or stop a spinning c ...
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Rotary Mowers 13 Toro University Technical Training Mow ing pat te rns Mowing patterns It is normally beneficial to cut a given area in a pattern that will allow the grass to re discharged onto the previously cut grass area. If this is not done, the horsepower requirement increases due to the blade having to cut the discharged grass again. Pick up ...
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14 Rotary Mowers Toro University Technical Training Transporting mowing equipment Transporting mowing equipment Transporting mowing equipment requires discipline and knowledge to reduce downtime and increase equipment life. Operating the equipment in an abusive manner while transporting can only reduce its mowing efficiency. Safety Mowing equipment ...
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Rotary Mowers 15 Toro University Technical Training Cutting Unit Adjustments Heig ht of c ut and att itude Height of cut adjustment and attitude The height of cut is usually set by the placement of spacers on the castor wheel shafts or with the height of the rollers on contour type cutting units. The effective height of cut can be checked on the tu ...
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16 Rotary Mowers Toro University Technical Training Inspection Maintenance and Repairs Cutting e ff iciency and ai r flow The efficiency of a rotary cutting unit is directly related to the air flow within the deck. Inspect and clean out periodically to mainta in air flow The underside of the cutting deck should be examined periodically. The air flo ...
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Rotary Mowers 17 Toro University Technical Training Spind le as sem b ly Housing Shaft Spacer and Seal Surfa ce Pulley Seals Mat che d Bea rin g Set The deck spindles usually run at approximately 2000 to 2500 RPM. They feature tapered roller bearing for impact resistance and durability. The spindles can be disassembled and repaired, or a complete a ...
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18 Rotary Mowers Toro University Technical Training Inspecti ng drive b elts and p ulleys • Oil or grea se contam inati on •D e b r i s i n p u l l e y s • Da maged or ru s ted pull eys • P rope r install atio n and te nsioni ng Periodically inspect drive belts and pulleys. A good time to do this is after cleaning the machine. • Oil or gr ...
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Rotary Mowers 19 Toro University Technical Training Belt no ise Belt Chir p • Chirp occurs on all types o f belts. • Caused by momentary slippage. • Dust can be a contribut ing f actor. • Never apply belt dress ing. • Chirps or squeaks w i ll not harm belts. Belt Squea l • Occurs during shaft accelerati on . • Result of insuffici ent ...
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20 Rotary Mowers Toro University Technical Training Rotary Blade Inspection and Sharpening Inspect the b lad es To assure a quality of cut. The cutting edge of the blade must be kept in a sharp condition. A dull blade will produce a ragged cut and will require an excessive amount of engine horsepower to rotate the blade. ...
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Rotary Mowers 21 Toro University Technical Training The most common causes for rotary mowers not giving a good quality of cut are due to dull cutting edges and/or bent blades. Caution: Check cutter blade daily or before mower is used or stored and whenever mower is serviced. If bolt holding blade is loose, tighten it before using mower. If the blad ...
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22 Rotary Mowers Toro University Technical Training OEM Blades • S pecificall y desig ned f or the int end ed d eck. • Me ets all of the re quir ed tests . – Hardness – Obj ect expulsion • Me ets th e mo wing an d qu alit y dem an ds. • Li fe e x pec tanc y. When discussing rotary blades, keep in mind that OEM blades are designed specif ...
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Rotary Mowers 23 Toro University Technical Training Check blade balanc e After the blade has been sharpened the balance must be checked. This can best be accomplished using a commercial balancer. An unbalanced blade causes vibration damaging to adjoining parts. WARNING ! Alway s wear a face shield or safe t y glasses w hen grinding or sharpening. W ...
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