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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 1
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 1 of 31 Building and Scaling BROCADE © SAN Fabrics: Design and Best Practices Guide ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 2
Last Updated March 29, 2001 3:18 pm BROCADE SAN Integration and Application Department 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page 2 of 31 Design and Best Practices Guide This document contains BROCADE © r ecommendations and guidelines for configuring a Storage Area Network (SAN). The document includes several reference topologies and also provide ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 3
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 3 of 31 2.0 Fabric Topologies This section explores a variety of fabric topologies and provides some specific network examples for SAN fabrics. Topologies fal l into the following general categories: • Meshed Topology-- a network of switches that has at least one link ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 4
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 4 of 31 Tier Architecture Designs • Typically three layers of switches, a host layer, core layer, and storage layer • Natural extension to star design (in some cases, Tier designs are Stars) • Core switches are used to provide connectivity between host and storage ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 5
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 5 of 31 useful when combined with a link extender that can allow from 30 to 120 kilometers distance between switch elements. There is a latency penalty for extended links that needs to considered where performance is a concern. Shorter links, lower latency -- with rough ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 6
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 6 of 31 Half of the switches are connected to form one fabric, and the other half form an identical fabric, which is completely unconnec ted to the first fabric. There is no single point of failure in either fabric which could cause the fabric to segment. This can be u ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 7
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 7 of 31 FIGURE 2. Two Core Switch, Two ISL, Star Design. The above SAN is a single fabric, resilient design. To deploy a dual fabric, resilient SAN based upon this architecture, the fol lowing SAN would be built FIGURE 3. Dual Fabric Design, Hosts and Storage connection ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 8
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 8 of 31 • Switch upgrades can take place on one SAN (firmware, hardware, both) and while this SAN is down the redundant SAN stays in operation • A switch failure in one SAN allow for failover to the redundant SAN while the failed switch is replaced. • Eliminates t ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 9
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 9 of 31 2.4 D UA L S W I T C H H I GH A VA I L A B I L I T Y C O N F I G UR A T I O N - R E DUN DAN T F A B R I C FIGURE 4. Two Fabrics -- Simplest Redundant Fabric Configuration H SW D H SW • Can use multiple hosts sharing single disk device, with redundant paths in ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 10
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 10 of 31 2.5 T W O S W I T C H F A B R I C F O R M I RR O R I N G AN D D I S A S TE R T O L E R ANC E FIGURE 5. Extended Fabric Example H SW D H SW • Sample configuration showing only two hosts and two storage devices, larger configurations can be deployed • This ex ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 11
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 11 of 31 2.6 H I GH L Y A V A I L A BL E S M A LL F A B R I C C O N F I G URA T I O N FIGURE 6. HIghly Available Small Fabric SW SW • In this design, any switch can fail and there will still be an alternative path to the host and storage devices. [Assumes hosts/storag ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 12
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 12 of 31 2.7 SAN B U I L D I N G B L O C K - M E S H E D F A B R I C C O N S I S T I N G O F T W O S T AR T O P O L OG I E S C O NN E C T E D B Y A M E S H FIGURE 7. SAN Building Block showing expansion to 17 switch Mesh Fabric • An atomic building block of 8 switches ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 13
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 13 of 31 2.8 S T A R T O P O L OG Y D E S I G N In the traditional data networking world, star topology network has a core of networking equipment (hubs, switches, and routers) with other equipment radiating out from this. A star topology SAN is fundamentally the same: ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 14
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 14 of 31 FIGURE 10. Two Switch Core Star SAN Design The strengths of this design are numerous. This provides lowest hop count design, uses the fewest switches for the given port co unt, has the best and easiest to analyze performance characteristics, and is the simplest ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 15
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 15 of 31 FIGURE 11. Star Topologies shown with 2x16 port switch at the core and with 4x16 port switch at the core Brocade has tested and validate star SAN designs today with our SilkWorm 2800 16 port switch. The two core switch topology shown in Figure 5 is a very good ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 16
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 16 of 31 FIGURE 12. Star Topologies Possible with 2 switch cores 2.9 T I E R D E S I G N ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 17
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 17 of 31 Three Tier designs in general allow for higher port count fabrics over Star designs (using the same switch building blocks) but can add additional hops to the design. A middle (core) set of switches can be used to provide connectivity between an upper and lower ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 18
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 18 of 31 FIGURE 14. MUlti Tier SAN Design across an Extended Link Depicted in the next diagram is a 20 switch fabric, three tier, with 4 switches at the core. This fabric offers 2 hops from sour ce to destina- tions, with multiple equal cost paths between devices allowi ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 19
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 19 of 31 FIGURE 15. Twenty Switch Three Tier Design (also a Star configuration) • 192 user ports total; total of 64 ISLs • Multiple equal cost paths between end nodes via a redundant switch • Maximum of two hops between devices • Any to any connectivity however ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 20
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 20 of 31 2.9.1 S U MM A RY A variety of SAN designs topologies and port counts can be deployed today using Brocade switch. The Fabric Operating System prov ides for auto-discovery and configuration of the SAN as devices are added and new switches included in an existing ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 21
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 21 of 31 3.0 Additional Considerations in Fabric Design and Implementation 3.1 F A B R I C B R I N G U P A large (greater than 8) switch fabric will require care and planning on initial power up and for expanding switch elements. Bro- cade has developed an extensive pla ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 22
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 22 of 31 FIGURE 17. Valid and Invalid Configurations using Inter Switch Links 3.3 C A BL I N G AND M E D I A I N T E R F A C E S Fibre channel supports several cable and optical media interface options. • The shortest supported optical cable length is 2 meters. Using ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 23
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 23 of 31 for wiring components that do not need to be a long distance from the switch. Copper connections tend to be less expensive. If c ost is not a driver, designing a solution with all optical media will provide for greater flexibility in future system upgrades and ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 24
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 24 of 31 The total size of a switch fabric is related to a number of factors that can affect overall performance. Some factors include: • Total nodes, entries in the name space. Name space table management as devices in the fabric change can effect overall fabric perf ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 25
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 25 of 31 of Fibre Channel is that data is transferred based on buffer credits assigned to ports and sending and receiving devices manage the credits so that there is never an overrun of data in the switch. Blocking is also called over-subscription -- where multiple init ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 26
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 26 of 31 fabric using IP over fibre channel protocol across switch links, thus reducing the need for a large switch management network. T his config- uration requires the primary switch with the Ethernet connection to be configured as the gateway switch for the Fibre Ch ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 27
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 27 of 31 width of 100 MBytes/sec. Thirty disks attached to a hub on a single physical loop will not perform as well as 5 disks attached t o 6 switch QuickLoop ports. Other advantages are: • Loop tenancies can occur in parallel on different looplets. A loop tenancy occ ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 28
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 28 of 31 4.0 G lossar y This glossary provides definitions for the fibre channel and switch terminology used in BROCADE guide . TABLE 1. Glossary of Fibre Channel and SAN Design Terminology Term Definition Address Identifier Value used to identify source or destination ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 29
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 29 of 31 Frame Fibre channel structure used to transmit data. Consists of start-of-frame delimiter, header, any optional headers, data payload, cyclic redundancy check (CRC), and end-of-frame delimiter. There are two types: data frames and link con- trol frames. Similar ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 30
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 30 of 31 Topology As applies to fibre channel, the structure of the fibre channel network and the resulting possible communication paths. There are three fibre channel topologies: point-to-point, fabric, and arbitrated loop. Zone Set of hosts and devices attached to sam ...
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Brocade Communications Systems 53-0001575-01 - page 31
SAN Design: March 29, 2001 3:18 pm 53-000 1575-01 B ROCADE Technical Note Page: 31 of 31 Copyright IMPORTANT NOTICE This document is the property of BROCADE. It is intended solely as an aid for installing and configuring Storage Area Networks c onstructed with BROCADE switches. This document does not provide a warranty to any BROCADE software, equi ...
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