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Manual Intel IXP45X

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  • Intel IXP45X - page 1

    Document No:305261; R evision:004 Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Hardware De sign Guidelines February 2007 ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 2

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 2 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 INFORMA TION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTELR PRODUCTS. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES N O LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND INTEL DISCLAIM ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 3

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 3 Contents—Intel ® IXP45X a nd Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Contents 1.0 Introduction ......... ......... .......... ........... ........ ........... .......... ......... .......... ........... .. ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 4

    Intel ® IXP45X and I ntel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Contents Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 4 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 3.12.1 Signal Interface ............... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... ........48 3.12.2 PCI Inte ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 5

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 5 Contents—Intel ® IXP45X a nd Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 7.1.7.1 Clock Group ...... .......... ........... .......... ........... ........ ........... .......... 88 7.1.7.2 Data, Command, and C ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 6

    Intel ® IXP45X and I ntel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Contents Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 6 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 44 DDR RAS Simulation Re sults: Two-Bank x16 D evices ................ ............. ............. ..........99 45 DDR Command (MA3) To ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 7

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 7 Revision History—Intel ® IXP45X and I ntel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Revision History Date Revision Description Febru ary 2007 004 • Section 1.4 , Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Section 3.5 : Updated the ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 8

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors—Revision History Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 8 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 9

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors December 2006 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 9 Introduction—Intel ® IXP45X and I ntel ® IXP46X Prod uc t Line of Networ k Pro ce s s or s 1.0 Introduction This design guide provides recommendation s for hardware and system designers who are developing with the I ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 10

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Pr oduct Lin e of Network Processors —Introduct ion Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD December 2006 10 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 1.2 Related Documentation The reader of this design guide should also be familiar with the material and concepts presented in th ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 11

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors December 2006 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 11 Introduction—Intel ® IXP45X and I ntel ® IXP46X Prod uc t Line of Networ k Pro ce s s or s 1.3 Acronyms and Abbreviations Ta b l e 1 lists the acronyms and abbreviations used in this guide. 1.4 Overview The IXP45X/ ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 12

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Pr oduct Lin e of Network Processors —Introduct ion Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD December 2006 12 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 • 32-bit PCI interface Master/T arget 33/66 MHz • Device Universal Serial Bus (USB) Controlle r • Host Universal Serial Bu ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 13

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors December 2006 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 13 Introduction—Intel ® IXP45X and I ntel ® IXP46X Prod uc t Line of Networ k Pro ce s s or s Note: Figure 1 shows the Intel ® IXP465 Network Processor. For details on feature support listed by processor , see the In ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 14

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Pr oduct Lin e of Network Processors —Introduct ion Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD December 2006 14 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 1.5 Typical Application s • High-performance DSL modem • High-performance cable modem •R e s i d e n t i a l g a t e w a y ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 15

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 15 System Architecture—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 2.0 System Architecture 2.1 System Architecture Description The Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network P ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 16

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Pr od uct Lin e o f Ne twork Pro c essor s —Sy stem Arch i t e cture Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 16 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 Figure 2. Intel ® IXP465 Example System Block Diagram Power Supply DDR S DRA M 16Mx 4x 16 512 Mby te (Fo ur C ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 17

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 17 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.0 General Hardware Design Considerations This chapter contains information for implementing and interfac ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 18

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 18 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.2 DDR-266 SDRAM Interface The IXP45X/IX P46X network pro cessors support unbuffe red, DDR-266 SDR AM t ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 19

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 19 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors DDRI_WE_N O The WE signal must be conne cte d to each device in a daisy chain manner Ye s Write Stro be ? ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 20

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 20 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.2.2 DDR SDRAM Memory Interface The IXP45X/IXP46X network processors support compatible D DR -266 SDR A ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 21

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 21 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.3.1 Signal Interface 3.3.2 Reset Configu ration Straps At power up or whenever RESET_IN_N is asserted, t ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 22

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 22 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 For a complete bit description of Configuration R egister 0, see the Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 23

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 23 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.3.3 8-Bit Device Interface The IXP45X/IXP46X network processors suppo rt 8-bit- wide data bus de vices ( ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 24

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 24 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 For example, as in this case when booting of a 16-bit flash device, bit 0 and 7 o f Configuration Regist ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 25

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 25 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Figure 3. 8/16/32-B it Device Interface: No Byte-Enable EX_AD D R [ 24 : 0] E X_ DA TA[7 :0] 8 -Bit Device ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 26

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 26 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 Figure 4. 8/16/32-Bit De vice Interface: Byte Enable EX _ADDR[ 24:0] EX_D AT A[ 7 :0 ] 8 -Bit Device B y ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 27

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 27 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.3.6 Flash Interface Figure 5 illustrates how a boot ROM is connected to the expansion bus. The flash (RO ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 28

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 28 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.3.7 SRAM Interface A typical connection between an 8-bit SRAM memory device and the IXP45X/IXP 46X net ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 29

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 29 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Note: The UAR T module does not support full modem functionality . However , this can be implemented, by u ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 30

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 30 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.5 MII/SMII Interface The IXP45X/IXP46X network processors supp ort a maximum of three Ethernet MACs. D ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 31

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 31 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.5.1 Signal Interface M II Table 8. MII NPE A Signal Recommendations Name Input/ Output Pull Up Down Reco ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 32

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 32 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 ETHB_COL I Y es Collision Detect. If operating in a full duplex mode and there is no re quirement to use ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 33

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 33 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.5.2 Device Connection, MII Figure 8 is a typical example of an Ethernet PHY device interfacing to one of ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 34

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 34 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.5.3 Signal Interface, SMII Serial Media Independent Inte rface (SMII) is a hardware feature to con vey ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 35

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 35 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.5.4 Device Connection, SMII 3.6 GPIO Interface The IXP45X/IXP46X network processors provid e 16 general- ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 36

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 36 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.6.1 Signal Interface 3.6.2 Design Notes The drive strength for GPIO[15:14] is limited to 8 mA , while ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 37

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 37 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.7 I 2 C Interface The IXP45X/IXP46X network processors support I 2 C interface and protocol. The hardwar ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 38

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 38 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.8 USB Interface There are two USB controllers in the IXP45X/IXP46X network processors — one is a Hos ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 39

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 39 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.8.1 Signal Interface A typical implementation of a USB inte rface Host down-stream is s hown in Figure 1 ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 40

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 40 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 T o maintain signal integrity and minimize end-users termination mismatch, the IXP45X/IXP46X network pro ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 41

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 41 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.9 UTOPIA Level 2 Interface The IXP45X/IXP46X network processors support the industry-standard UT OPIA Le ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 42

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 42 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.9.1 Signal Interface 3.9.2 Device Connection The following example shown in Figure 13 shows a typical ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 43

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 43 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.10 HSS Interface NPE A has an integrated High-Speed Serial (HSS) module, whose primary function is to pr ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 44

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 44 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.10.1 Signal Interface Table 17. High-Speed, Serial Interface 0 Name Input Output Pull Up Down Recommen ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 45

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 45 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Table 18. High-Speed, Serial Interface 1 Name Input Output Pull Up Down Recommendations HSS_TXFRAME1 I/O Y ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 46

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 46 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.10.2 Device Connection Figure 14 shows a typical interface between the IXP45X/IXP46X product line and ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 47

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 47 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.11.1 Signal Interface 3.11.2 Device Connection There are a number of devices available that can interfac ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 48

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 48 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.12 PCI Interface The PCI Controller of the IXP45X/IXP46X netw ork processors is an industry-standard, ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 49

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 49 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.12.2 PCI Interface Block Diagram When using the IXP45X/IXP46X network proc essors in Master mode, the PC ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 50

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 50 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.12.3 Supporting 5 V PCI Interface It is possible to support 5 V PCI devices with the help of voltage l ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 51

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 51 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.12.4 PCI Option Interface The IXP45X/IXP46X network processors can be used in a design as a host or as a ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 52

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 52 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 PCI_TRDY_N I/O Connect signal to same pin between the two devices. Connect a 10-K Ω pull-up resi stor . ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 53

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 53 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.12.5 Design Notes • The IXP45X/IXP46X network processors do not support the 5 V PCI signal interface b ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 54

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 54 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.13.1 Signal Interface 3.14 Input System Clock The IXP45X/IXP46X network pr ocessors require a 33.33-M ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 55

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 55 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 3.14.3 Device Connection 3.15 Power T o enable low power system design, the IXP45X/IXP46X network processo ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 56

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 56 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 3.15.1 De-Coupling Capacitance Recommendations It is common practice to place de-coupling capacitors bet ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 57

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 57 General Hardware Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors For a complete description of their functionality , see the Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Li ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 58

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Produc t Line of Networ k Processors—General Hardware Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 58 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 59

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 59 General PCB Guide—Intel ® IXP45X and I ntel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 4.0 General PCB Guide 4.1 PCB Overview Beginning with components selection, this chapter prese nts general PCB guidelines. In ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 60

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 60 Document Number: 305261; Revsion: 004 • Place noisy parts (clock, processor , video, etc.) at least 1.5 – 3 inches away from the edge of the printed circuit board. • Do ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 61

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 61 General PCB Guide—Intel ® IXP45X and I ntel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors • Poor routing density • Uncontrolled signal tr ace impedance • Lack of power/ground planes, resul ting in unacceptable ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 62

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 62 Document Number: 305261; Revsion: 004 • F ast and slow transmission line networks must be considered •P C B - b o a r d v e l o c i t i e s •B o a r d F R 4 ~ 4 . 3 • ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 63

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 63 General Layout and Routing Guide—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 5.0 General Layout and Routing Guide 5.1 Overview This chapter provides routing and layout gu ides for hardware ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 64

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 64 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 • Do not place high-frequency oscillators and switching network device s close to sensitive analog circuits. • Arrange the board so ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 65

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 65 General Layout and Routing Guide—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Figure 23 and Figure 24 show good and poor design practices for via placement on surface-mount boards. Figure 25 ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 66

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 66 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 5.2.2 C lock Signal Considerations • Provide good return current paths for clock tr aces. • Keep clock tr aces awa y from the edge ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 67

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 67 General Layout and Routing Guide—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors — Calculate capacitive loading of all comp onents and properly compensate with a series or parallel terminatio ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 68

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 68 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 • Wherever possible, use a perfect symmetry within a differential pair . • Minimize the number vias. • Avoid routing other signal ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 69

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 69 General Layout and Routing Guide—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 5.2.8 Trace Impedance All signal layers require controlled impedance of 50 Ω ± 10 % microstrip or stripline (u ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 70

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 70 Document Number: 305261; Revision: 004 ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 71

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 71 PCI Interface Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 6.0 PCI Interface Design Considerations The Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 72

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors—PCI Interface Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 72 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 6.3 Clock Distribution In order to meet timing and avo id clock ov erloading, it is recommended to use point- ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 73

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 73 PCI Interface Design Considerations—Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 6.3.1 Trace Lengt h Limits Maximum trace lengths can be calculated for specific speeds at which the bus is in ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 74

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors—PCI Interface Design Considerations Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 74 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 The limitations of the maximum trace length can be calculated with the equations shown in Section 6.2 . Solve ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 75

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 75 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 7.0 DDR-SDRAM 7.1 Introduction This document is intended to be used as a guid e for routing DDR, based on the Intel ® IXDP465 Devel ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 76

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 76 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 Ta b l e 2 8 provides a list of supported memory co nfigur ations that can be implemented for one or two banks. Notice that dependin g ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 77

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 77 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Besides assigning clock signals (DDRI_CK and DDRI_CK_N) to the memory devices, there are two more requirements, one implem ented in ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 78

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 78 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 Figure 29 shows the DDR memory interface of the IXP45X/IXP46X network processors using x16 devices with Error Correcting Code (ECC). Ba ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 79

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 79 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Figure 29. Processor-D DR Interface: x16 Devices with ECC DDR 5 In te l ® IX P 46 X Pr oduct Li ne of Net w or k Processor s DDRI_C ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 80

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 80 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 7.1.1 Selecting VTT Power Supply Selecting the minimum power requirement for VT T supply is a simple calculation that varies depending ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 81

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 81 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 7.1.2 Signal-Timing Analysis Figure 31. DD R Command and Control Setup and Hold Table 29. DDR Command and Co ntrol Setup and Hold Va ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 82

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 82 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 Figure 32. DDR Data to DQS Read Timing Pa rameters Table 30. DDR Data to DQS Read Timing Parameters Symbol Parameter Min Max Units Note ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 83

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 83 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Figure 33. DD R-Data-to-DQS-Write Timing Param eters Table 31. DDR Data to DQ S Write Timing Parame ters Symbol Parameter Min Max Un ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 84

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 84 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 7.1.3 Printed Circuit Board Layer Stackup The layer stackup used for the IXDP465 platform x16 Processor Module is shown in Figure 35 on ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 85

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 85 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 7.1.4 Printed Circuit Boa rd Controlled Impedance Controlled impedance for each layer of the IXDP465 platform x16 Processor Module i ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 86

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 86 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 Figure 36. Printed Circuit Board Controlled Impedance ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 87

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 87 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 7.1.5 Timing Relationships The routing guidelines presented in the following subsections define the recommended routing topologies, ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 88

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 88 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 In addition to any tr ace length differentials which must be considered between signal groups, differences in the package length betwee ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 89

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 89 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 7.1.7.2 Data, Command, and Control Groups The data, command, and control signal groups include all signals other than the clock grou ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 90

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 90 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 7.2 Simulation Results This section contains the simulation results for each of the DDR signal groups. Each of the signal groups may ha ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 91

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 91 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Figure 37. DD R Clock Topology: Two-Bank x16 Devices ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 92

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 92 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 The differential-clock -circuit simulati on in Figure 38 shows that the voltage wavefor m meets the DDR device input voltage requir eme ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 93

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 93 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Table 37. Data Group Topology Tran smission Line Characteristics Transmission Line Length TL1 (T pd = 175 ps/in) ~600 mils TL2 (T pd ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 94

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 94 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 Figure 39. DDR Data Topology: Two-Bank x16 Devices ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 95

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 95 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors The data-circuit simulation results in Figure 40 show that the voltage wavefo rm meets the DDR dev ice input voltage requirements. V ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 96

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 96 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 The simulation results in Figure 41 are for the data circuit with a DDR device using reduced drive strength and shows that the voltage ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 97

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 97 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors The simulation results in Figure 42 are for the data circuit with a DDR device using full drive strength and show that the voltage w ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 98

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 98 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 7.2.3 Control Group The control signal group includes the sign als DDRI_CS[1:0] and DDRI_CKE[1:0]. The following simulations were const ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 99

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 99 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors The simulation results in Figure 44 are for the control circuit and show that the voltage waveform meets the DDR device input voltag ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 100

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 100 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 7.2.4 Command Group The command signal group includes the signals DDRI_MA[13:0], DDRI_BA[1:0], DDRI_RAS, DDRI_CAS and DDRI_WE. The fol ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 101

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 101 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Figure 45. DD R Command (MA3) Topology: Two-Ban k x16 Devices ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 102

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 102 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 The simulation results in Figure 46 are for the address circuit and show that the voltage waveform meets the DDR device input voltage ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 103

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 103 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors Figure 47. DD R Command (RAS) Topology: Two-Ban k x16 Devices ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 104

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 104 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 The simulation results in Figure 48 are for the RAS circuit, the voltage waveform meets the DDR device input voltage requirements. V i ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 105

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 105 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors 7.2.5 RCVENIN and RCVENOUT The Re ceive Enable In (RCVENIN) and Rece ive Enable Out (RCV ENOUT) should be connected and routed to m ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 106

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 106 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 The simulation results in Figure 50 are for the RCVENIN/RCVENOUT circuit with a 0- Ω series resistor , the voltage waveform meets the ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 107

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proc essors February 2007 HDD Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 107 DDR-SDRAM—Inte l ® IXP45X and I n tel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Processors The simulation results in Figure 51 are for the RCVENIN/RCVENOUT circuit, the voltage waveform meets the DDR device input voltage r ...

  • Intel IXP45X - page 108

    Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Ne twork Processors—Category Intel ® IXP45X and Intel ® IXP46X Product Line of Network Proce ssors HDD February 2007 108 Document Number: 305261, Revision: 004 ...

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A manual, also referred to as a user manual, or simply "instructions" is a technical document designed to assist in the use Intel IXP45X by users. Manuals are usually written by a technical writer, but in a language understandable to all users of Intel IXP45X.

A complete Intel manual, should contain several basic components. Some of them are less important, such as: cover / title page or copyright page. However, the remaining part should provide us with information that is important from the point of view of the user.

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2. Contents - index of all tips concerning the Intel IXP45X, that we can find in the current document
3. Tips how to use the basic functions of the device Intel IXP45X - which should help us in our first steps of using Intel IXP45X
4. Troubleshooting - systematic sequence of activities that will help us diagnose and subsequently solve the most important problems with Intel IXP45X
5. FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
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