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Apogee AD-1000 - page 1
A A D D - - 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Portable Refer ence Analog to Digital Conversion System Operating Manual and UV22 ® License Agr eement Revision 2.1: November 1996 ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 2
Manual revised for this new edition by: Danny Buchanan, Caryn Perkins, Richard Elen, Johnny Story , Ryan Freeland and Bob Clearmountain. SoftLimit is a T rademark, and UV22 is a Registered T rademark, of Apogee Electr onics, Inc. All other trademarks are pr operty of their respective holders. T echnology within the AD-1000 including the C768 Low Ji ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 3
The Apogee AD-1000 20 bit Resolution A/D Converter “Y our first class ticket fr om analog to digital!” AD-1000 Operating Manual ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 4
A Note of Thanks At Apogee we believe creating new pr oducts which really mean something r equires putting a lot of one’ s self into that product. Apogee’ s AD-1000 was conceived and designed with a passion. The team who put it together put themselves into the product and the r esults show . W e wanted the very best performance and most flexibl ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 5
Notes on CE Operation In order to comply with the new (January 1996) r equirements for electr onic equipment operated in the European Union, Apogee converters must be equipped and operated with special adapters. These adapters ar e inserted into all of the I/O connectors on the converters and the normal cabling is then inserted into the adapters. A ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 6
Licensing and Legal Information Carefully r ead the following legal agreement prior to using the UV22 pr ocess provided in the AD-1000. Use of UV22 constitutes your acceptance of these terms. If you do not agree to the terms of the agr eement, promptly r eturn the AD-1000 and the accompanying items, including written materials and containers to the ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 7
W arranty Information Be sure to r eturn the enclosed warranty card. If you do so, Apogee can contact you with any update information. As enhancements and upgrades are developed, you will be con- tacted at the warranty registration addr ess. Firmware updates ar e free for the first year of ownership Please address any inquiries to your dealer or di ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 8
THIS P AGE INTENTIONALL Y LEFT BLANK AD-1000 Operating Manual ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 9
AD-1000 Operating Manual T able of Contents An Introduction to the AD-1000 ...............................................................................................11 Introduction and Featur es .....................................................................................................1 1 Specifications .............................. ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 10
AD-1000 Operating Manual T able of Contents Power Connector Pinout Diagrams ...........................................................................................44 Appendix I: About UV22 Super CD Encoding ..........................................................................46 UV22 Caveats ................................................. ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 11
Intr oduction The AD-1000 is a multi-purpose stereo analog to digital converter combining a high quality dual-stage, triple servo, analog ‘ front end ’ with 20 bit r esolution. This combination provides unmatched sonic performance of 20 bit resolution, optimized for 20- and 16-bit applications such as digital tape r ecorders, disk-based audio w ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 12
Soft Limit ™ Included with the AD-1000 is Apogee ’ s highly acclaimed Soft Limit circuitry . (This feature has functioned as many an engineer ’ s “ secret weapon ” to get extra level in their masters.) Soft Limit functions as a selective peak lim- iter . T ypical peak limiters ar e very abrupt and can spread unwanted harmonics. With the A ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 13
Apogee Patented Low Jitter Clock The C768 Ultra Low Jitter Slaving Clock refer ences to an external clock source and pr ovides a ‘ flywheel ’ effect by smoothing out short-term timing irregularities or jitter . This low jitter slaving clock locks in a pr edictable and very accurate phase relationship with the incoming r eference. The r esult is ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 14
Specifications QUANTIZA TION 20 Bits/Sample FREQUENCY RESPONSE 20Hz – 10KHz ±0.025dB 10KHz – 20KHz +0.025 / – 0.1dB TOT AL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE (THD+N) Full Amplitude T ypically – 100dB @ 48KHZ sampling; 0.5dB below full scale – 20dB scaled to Fs T ypically – 103dB@ 48KHZ sampling; 0.5dB below full scale SIGNAL TO NOISE RA TI ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 15
Note: The AD-1000 will work with any well regulated 12V DC Power sour ce with an output current of 1300 mA or greater . W e r ecommend using linear type power supplies Direct connection to external 12VDC lead acid or NiCad batteries will provide convenient portable operation. See page 43 for additional details on battery power . INPUTS A. ANALOG IN ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 16
S/PDIF DIGIT AL OPTICAL INPUT (Optical input connector on rear panel) 32kHz to 54kHz Input Sampling Rates. S/PDIF . ADA T DIGIT AL OPTICAL INPUT – available only with special option AD1K-PRT OUTPUTS D. AES OUTPUT (Male XLR connector on rear panel) 32kHz to 54kHz Output Sampling Rate. AES/EBU Format when front panel NORM position selected. Audio B ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 17
Optional Accessories PS-1000E Model PS-1000E is a rack mountable dual worldwide power source for the AD-1000 with selectable 100, 120, 220, and 240 V olts AC and 50/60Hz pr oviding dual 12.0 V olts DC regulated outputs at 1500mA each. Unit is 1 ⁄ 3 rack size and matches style and finish of the AD-1000. Power is distributed by two 15 Pin HD connec ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 18
AD-1000 Operating Manual Unpacking and Installation Unpacking Y our AD-1000 is packed in a foam lined shipping container . Be sur e to save the container for any future ship- ments of the unit. Accessories The following accessories are shipped with the AD-1000. 1 x Operation Manual 1 x W arranty Card 1 x 3 ⁄ 32 Hex Wr ench 2 x 10-32 x 7 ⁄ 16 Mo ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 19
Getting Started Quickly Y our AD-1000 is shipped r eady to go. It has spent at least two days ‘ burning in ’ . This burn-in procedur e involves powered operation at elevated temperatur es to isolate units that could possibly fail due to infant mortality . Even if you are familiar with Apogee ’ s AD-500E, we recommend you r ead the entire manu ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 20
AD-1000 Operating Manual Page 20 Operation Locations and Functions: Front Panel Contr ols The AD-1000 offers an input section that can r eceive a wide variety of Analog and Digital inputs ranging from low microphone levels to the hottest line levels. The contr ols affecting the audio input selection and level ar e located toward the left of the uni ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 21
OSC Position OSC selects a built in 1kHz digital oscillator calibrated to ± 0.01 dB with internal switch selectable output lev- els for accurate headroom settings. When selecting OSC, the oscillator is selected and output on the corr e- sponding digital outputs. This is used primarily for headroom alignment and testing. The output level can be sel ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 22
Selecting the DIG Position The last position counter -clockwise is the DIG position. When selected, an AES or S/PDIF signal (input via the top BNC connector on the back of the AD-1000) or S/PDIF optical signal (via the T oslink input connector) can be re-clocked and formatted into various digital outputs. This allows AES or S/PDIF conversion to ADA ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 23
Soft Limit ™ Function Evolved from the legendary AD500E, this unique Apogee featur e makes your mixes jump out in the highly com- petitive market for CD airplay . Short transients can clip analog to digital converters and can produce unwanted harmonics. T ypical peak limiters used to r emove short transients are very abrupt and actually spr ead u ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 24
6. T urn on Soft Limit. 7. Increase the oscillator output until the desk ’ s stereo meter r eads 0 VU. (Don ’ t touch the console fader at this point.) 8. Flip the AD-1000 over and find the two little multiturn adjustments through one of the ventilation slots (see diagram). The one nearer the fr ont of the unit sets the RIGHT channel; the one n ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 25
In 16 position: the signal is converted at 20 bits but is reduced to a 16 bit output by adding dither to remove the distortion of truncation. In UV16 position: the signal is converted at 20 bits and processed using Apogee ’ s UV22 process to captur e the resolution and detail of the 20 bit sour ce in a 16 bit word. Apogee ’ s UV22 is used by vi ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 26
Pull-Up and Pull-Down Sync T wo other positions of the SAMPLE RA TE Selector pr ovide the unique ability to increase or decr ease the input sampling rate by a 1.001 ratio. Utilizing the above settings, any WC (W ord Clock/Sync) input will be multiplied or divided by 1.001. For example a 44.056 kHz WC input will deliver 44.1 kHz locked to the input. ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 27
The SAMPLE RA TE Selector should be in the 6 o ’ clock – straight down – position. In this sync source mode, the AD-1000 normally outputs the same frequency as the S/PDIF signal connected to the Sync Input. T wo other positions of the SAMPLE RA TE Selector provide the unique ability to incr ease the input sampling rate by a 1.001 ratio. Optic ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 28
AD-1000 Operating Manual Locking to an NTSC Video Sync Source Connect the video refer ence to one of the BNC connectors on the rear panel. T ermination is not necessary if looping to another device and the last device in the chain is terminated with 75 Ω . NOTE: The video must be correctly terminated for pr oper AD-1000 sync operation. 75 Ω ter ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 29
AD-1000 Operating Manual S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interface) – Consumer digital interface Standardized as the CP-340 digital audio interface by the EIAJ (Electr onic Industries Association of Japan) and IEC 958, (International Electrotechnical Commission) T ransformer isolated balanced or unbalanced output to a two wire transmission line. Out ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 30
Rear Panel Functions and Locations Analog Audio Inputs Viewing the r ear panel of the AD-1000, the female XLR connector on the left is the left (or Channel A) analog audio input. The XLR on the right is the right (or Channel B) analog audio input. (These are labeled “ A ” on the diagram above.) The AD-1000 is set up for the worldwide standard p ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 31
Advanced Operations The DIP Switches – Location and Function There ar e eight small switches located on the top of the unit that are accessible with a small scr ewdriver or pin The default position is with all switches set to the off position. The switches serve the following functions. Switch 1 Selects the termination of the SYNC-S/PDIF BNC conn ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 32
T echnical Input Information Input Impedance The AD-1000 is set up to easily match and interface to most any analog audio input. The AD-1000 input assumes the source impedance (fr om the unit driving the AD-1000) will be less than 600 Ω and probably mor e like out- put impedances of 50 to 100 Ω . In the very unlikely event of using higher sour ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 33
Precise Calibration using One LED When you need to make a mix from your analog mixing console, it is necessary to calibrate your AD-1000 to the output of the mixing console. The AD-1000 incorporates a unique feature to enable you to simply match the digital output to within a hair width of your console ’ s meters. The – 12 LED is much more flex ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 34
AD-1000 Operating Manual Digital Headr oom Explained Page 34 '-12' dB LED Blinks -2/SL dB LED ON* 0 dB Full Scale ANALOG NOMINAL TYPICALL Y 0dB MAX. ANALOG LEVEL +24 dBu with +4dBu @ 0 ref ANALOG METER DIGIT AL OUTPUT COMP ARISON OF ANALOG INPUT TO DIGIT AL OUTPUT WITH 20dB HEADROOM AND +4 dBu REFERENCE 20 dB HEADROOM + .05dB '-12&ap ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 35
Options and Enhancements AD1000 UV22 Digital Through Option The UV22 digital through option gives the AD-1000 the ability to pr ocess digital input signals with Apogee ’ s award-winning UV22 encoding technique, which pr eserves the audio quality of 20-bit signals in a 16-bit envi- ronment. (The standar d AD-1000 includes UV22 encoding, but only o ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 36
General notes on ADA T Recor ding The AD-1000 has the ability to output the ADA T digital format (on T oslink Optical) allowing you to bypass the A/D converters in the ADA T recor der and get the legendary Apogee sound on ADA T . The following pages con- tain information on how to accomplish this in a number of differ ent ways. There ar e, however ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 37
However , many people have come to depend on the superior audio quality of using UV22 to recor d their 16-bit tracks, and report no significant audio damage by using UV22 again when the r ecording is master ed. The bot- tom line here is that you need to be the judge of your own r ecordings. Listen to the music as it goes thr ough its various stages ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 38
Recording with the BRC as the master (AD-1000 as the slave) 1. Connect the output from your console or micr ophone to the AD-1000 XLR input connectors. (When viewing the AD-1000 from the r ear , the Left XLR is on the left side) 2. Select any analog input (+4, – 10 or MIC) on input select switch. 3. Set the front power switch of the AD-1000 to th ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 39
AD-1000 Operating Manual Page 39 ADA T Digital In Sync 9-pin D “ Digital In ” ADA T Digital In Sync 9-pin D “ Digital In ” ADA T Digital In Sync 9-pin D “ Digital In ” BRC 48 kHz In Sync 9-pin D ADA T w/Multiple AD-1000s 75 Ω Coax 75 Ω Coax WC Out 15-pin HD First AD-1000 (top): Sync Source Crystal; sample rate 44.1 or 48 kHz. Other ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 40
Recording T o r ecord a true 20 bit signal onto an ADA T r ecorder (which is a 16-bit recor der) the following steps must be taken: 1. Connect optical cable from AD-1000 optical output to the optical input of the destination ADA T . Set ADA T to “ digital input. ” Note: the optical cables cannot be “ looped thru ” ie, multiple input to outp ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 41
Special notes and restrictions: 1. ADA T format cannot be transmitted while the AD-1000 is set to digital input “ DIG. ” 2. ADA T format cannot be transmitted and received simultaneously . As a result, the AD-1000 cannot be con- nected in an optical “ loop. ” 3. While transmitting ADA T , the AD1000 outputs AES “ black ” - a sync signal ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 42
Recording On T o the DA-88 From an AD-1000 Using Video Sync 1. Connect the output of your console or microphones to the AD-1000 XLR input connectors. 2. Select the appropriate analog input (+4 CAL, – 10 CAL, or MIC) on the INPUT SELECT switch. 3. Set the front panel power switch of the AD-1000 to ADA T when using the Apogee FC-8 Format Converter ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 43
S/PDIF and W or d Clock (WC) Output Operation The S/PDIF and W ord Clock (WC) outputs ar e available on the 15-pin HD connector on the rear of the AD-1000 (the same connector that is the power supply input). This cable can be order ed from your Apogee dealer (PS- 1000/AD-1000 cable) or use the diagram overleaf if you want to make it yourself. Pleas ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 44
AD-1000 Operating Manual Page 44 AD-1000 HD15 connector (J1) pin numbering viewed looking into the connector on the unit from the outside (numbers ar e as molded on the connector itself) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 J1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 CHASSIS GND +12v rtn (gnd) +12v (Bat) S/PDIF WC UNBAL 75 Ω SHIELD (from PSU) WHITE (fr ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 45
AD-1000 Operating Manual Page 45 AD-1000 HD15 connector (J1) pin numbering viewed looking into the connector on the unit from the outside (numbers ar e as molded on the connector itself) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 J1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 CHASSIS GND +12v rtn (gnd) +12v (Bat) WC UNBAL 75 Ω SHIELD (from PSU) WHITE (from PSU) ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 46
Appendix I – UV22 Super CD Encoding Squeezing more performance fr om a standard CD is not a new idea. It began with adding white noise, called dither , to the digital audio. Plain dither was followed by differ ent flavors of dither noise, then a process called ‘ noise shaping ’ and more r ecently various forms of so-called ‘ bit mapping ’ ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 47
Something For Nothing? If we take a well-recor ded 16-bit digital audio source and we decide to add some digital EQ, compr ession, gain change, de-click, de-crackle or even the latest surround-sound pr ocess, we are digitally manipulating our 16-bit numbers. W e don ’ t get mor e audio information out than we put in, but we do get numbers with re ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 48
“ Listening tests have shown the Apogee UV22 ’ s 16-bit output is the closest to what we hear on our 20-bit source. It ’ s really like getting something for nothing. “ W e chose the Ravel recor ding to test dithering schemes because of its wide dynamic range, distinct imag- ing and deep sound stage. The piece opens with very low level tympa ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 49
“ UV22 rounds out the r ough edges of digital ” — Stephen Marcussen, Pr ecision Mastering, Hollywood “ [The Apogee UV22] rounds out the r ough edges of digital. I put material through the UV22 at below – 60 dB and you could clearly hear the low-level information. It was much smoother and much more intact ” . “ The low-level stuff was ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 50
Appendix II – Digital Audio Inter connects Digital Audio Without Making Y our Eyes Glaze Over Yo u ’ ve probably r ead, or at least started to read many articles on digital audio. Like many people, you may be guilty of skipping the technical diagrams and jumping to the last page for the conclusions. Understanding how digital audio works is akin ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 51
The numbers of digital audio are transmitted in binary form. Instead of using our familiar ten-finger -oriented decimal numbers, we substitute one-finger binary numbers. Any decimal number can be repr esented as a bina- ry number and vice versa. The big advantage of using binary coding to repr esent digital audio samples is that each individual dig ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 52
rate tempo and add faster multiples many times higher than the drummers sixteenth-note example. Now imag- ine what would happen to the drummer ’ s playing if we put slight, random variations in his click track reference. The drummer would try to follow the changing tempo but because the changes were unpr edictable, he would overshoot the click te ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 53
Mitsubishi (Melco) PD Interface The Mitsubishi 2-track and multitrack interconnect formats ar e similar to the Sony SDIF format – but not enough for direct compatibility . Like the Sony format, the Mitsubishi 2 track “ DUB ” connections are unbalanced, although differ ent in their ability to directly drive high speed optical isolators on the ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 54
on a twisted pair of wires enclosed in an outer metal shield. The shield is usually a continuous, flexible braided wire jacket or in applications wher e flex is unnecessary , a metal foil wrap is often used (inside patch bays and consoles for example). The shield provides a gr ound connection and reduces the influence of outside electrical interfer ...
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Apogee AD-1000 - page 55
AD-1000 Operating Manual Page 55 Revision History Manual Revision Rev 0.1 1/27/95 Rev 0.2 6/8/95 Installed New Graphic Elements Rev 0.3 6/19/95 Added changes and revisions to entir e manual. Rev 2.0 8/6/96 Complete revision and r eworking including additional section covering new options Rev 2.1 11/5/96 Minor corrections to the above ...
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